export_sst and muscle parasites and arthropods

Question 1

Three clinical presentations of leishmaniasis

Answer 1

Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous

Visceral

Question 2

Cutaneous leishmaniasis organisms

Answer 2

L. major
L. tropica

L. mexicana

Question 3

Cutaneous leishmaniasis presentation

Answer 3

Raised, dry, crusted lesions

Self-limited

Question 4

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis organisms

Answer 4

L. braziliensis

Question 5

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis presentation

Answer 5

Initially as a typical cutaneous lesion

Months/years later ulceration occurs

Question 6

Onchocerca volvulus vector

Answer 6

Black fly

Question 7

Onchocerca volvulus disease

Answer 7

River blindness

Question 8

Onchocerca volvulus features

Answer 8

Filarial nematodes

Microfilariae

Question 9

River blindness symptoms

Answer 9

Migrating and dying microfilariae induce an intense “itching” reaction
Sclerosing keratitis and blindness

Question 10

Treat river blindness

Answer 10

Ivermectin

Question 11

Mansonella spp. features

Answer 11

Filarial nematode

Question 12

Mansonella organisms

Answer 12

M. streptocerca
M. perstans

M. ozzardi

Question 13

Mansonella spp. vector

Answer 13

Infected midge

Question 14

Mansonella spp. symptoms

Answer 14

Most are asymptomatic

Can cause itching, edema, and joint pain

Question 15

Mansonella spp. diagnosis

Answer 15

Observing microfilaria on blood smears

Question 16

Dracunculus medinensis features

Answer 16

Largest tissue dwelling nematode

Question 17

Dracunculus medinensis life cycle

Answer 17

Ingestion of infected water
Larvae penetrate intestine and travel to subcutaneous tissue

Females cause a blister, lay eggs, and release microfilariae into water

Question 18

Dracunculus medinensis disease

Answer 18

Dracunculosis

Question 19

Diagnose dracunculosis

Answer 19

Symptoms

“Wash out” microfilariae from ulcer

Question 20

Treat dracunculosis

Answer 20

Wind worm out on stick

Slowly; if you break the worm, you will elicit an anaphylactic reaction

Question 21

Cutaneous larval migrans causative agent

Answer 21

Ancylostoma (hookworms) that normally infect dogs or cats

Question 22

Ancylostoma organisms that cause cutaneous larval migrans

Answer 22

A. braziliense

A. canium

Question 23

Cutaneous larval migrans symptoms

Answer 23

Intense inflammatory reaction from larval secretions

Question 24

Scabies causative agent

Answer 24

Sarcoptes scabiei

Question 25

Sarcoptes scabiei features

Answer 25

Small, roundish, eight-legged arthropods

Question 26

Scabies symptoms

Answer 26

Superficial dermatitis Itching, starting at hands then progress to arms, trunk, etc. Raised, cutaneous tracts where mites have burrowed

Question 27

Scabies hyperinfection

Answer 27

Thousands of mites Results in Norwegian (crusted) scabies Crusted lesions on hands, feet, and body

Question 28

Diagnose scabies

Answer 28

Observing adult mites at end of burrows

Question 29

Treat scabies

Answer 29

Topical formulations to resolve infection Treat all household members Meticulous cleaning of clothing and linens

Question 30

Lice disease

Answer 30

Pediculosis

Question 31

Lice features

Answer 31

Obligate, blood-feeding (sucking) ectoparasites | Wingless, six-legged, flattened insects

Question 32

Lice organisms

Answer 32

Pediculus humanus - body louse Pediculus capitis - head louse Phthirus pubis - crab louse

Question 33

Head lice features

Answer 33

Attached to hair on head Spreads easily Bites localized behind ears and back of neck

Question 34

Body lice features

Answer 34

Usually found clothing | Will move to body for a blood meal, then back to clothing

Question 35

Crab lice features

Answer 35

Spreads via sexual contact | Inhabit the hairs of the pubic and perianal region

Question 36

Nits

Answer 36

Eggs laid by female lice, attached to hair shafts

Question 37

Diagnose lice

Answer 37

Identification of lice or eggs in hair or seams of garments

Question 38

Treat lice

Answer 38

Dusts, shampoos, lotions, and creams available Retreat a second time Linens should be cleaned thoroughly

Question 39

Myiasis causative agent

Answer 39

Dermatobia hominis (human botfly)

Question 40

Myiasis transmission

Answer 40

Botfly lays eggs on mosquito | Mosquito bites you and transmits eggs into subQ

Question 41

Trichinosis causative agents

Answer 41

Trichinella spiralis

Question 42

Trichinosis disease

Answer 42

Infection in muscle

Question 43

Trichinosis transmission

Answer 43

Undercooked pork, etc. | Ingestion of eggs, larvae migrate to muscle, encysts ("nurse-cell")

Question 44

Trichinosis symptoms

Answer 44

Early phase - intestinal problems (diarrhea, abdominal pain) | Migration phase - fever, chills, eosinophilia, muscle pain

Question 45

Diagnose trichinosis

Answer 45

Difficult to observe | Presence of eosinophilia, elevated muscle enzyme levels, dietary history

Question 46

Loiasis causative agent

Answer 46

Loa loa

Question 47

Loiasis disease

Answer 47

Eye worm

Question 48

Lung fluke causative agent

Answer 48

Paragonimus westermani

Question 49

Lung fluke transmission

Answer 49

Ingestion of fresh water crabs or crayfish

Question 50

Lung fluke symptoms

Answer 50

Blood-tinged sputum Fibrotic cyst wall forms, lung abscesses can occur "Rusty sputum"