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Micro exam 8 > export_sst fungal infections > Flashcards

export_sst fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

Four superficial fungal infections

A

Pityriasis versicolor
Tinea nigra

Black piedra

White piedra

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2
Q

Pityariasis versicolor causative agent

A

Malassezia furfur

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3
Q

Malassezia furfur features

A

Dimorphic
Part of normal flora

Lipophilic

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4
Q

Pityriasis vericolor symptoms

A

Numerous, irregularly shaped scaly patches
Yellow-brown to dark brown in color

Hyper or hypo-pigmentation

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5
Q

Diagnose pityriasis versicolor

A

Direct observation of skin scrapings

KOH prep - “spaghetti and meatballs”

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6
Q

Treat pityriasis versicolor

A

Topical treatment with keratolytic agents or azoles

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7
Q

Tinea nigra causative agent

A

Exophiala werneckii

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8
Q

Exophiala werneckii features

A

Dimorphic

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9
Q

Tinea nigra symptoms

A

Distinct oval-shaped lesions on hands and feet

Light-brown to black in color - organism produces melanin

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10
Q

Diagnose tinea nigra

A

Skin scrapings (KOH) reveal two-celled yeast forms with dark pigment

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11
Q

Treat tinea nigra

A

Topical treatments with keratolytic agents or azoles

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12
Q

Black piedra causative agent

A

Piedra hortae

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13
Q

White piedra causative agent

A

Trichosporon beigelii

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14
Q

Black piedra presentation

A

Nodules composed of asci and ascospores (sexual process)

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15
Q

White piedra

A

Mycelium and anthroconidia forming a collar around the hair shaft

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16
Q

Common location for black piedra

A

Primarily scalp

Nodules firmly attached

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17
Q

Common location for white piedra

A

Pubic, axillary, beards, eyebrows

Loosely attached

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18
Q

Diagnose either piedra

A

Microscopic examination of hair

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19
Q

Treat either piedra

A

Shaving hair and good hygeine

20
Q

Group of organisms that cause cutaneous mycoses

A

Dermatophytes

21
Q

Three genus’ that cause cutaneous mycoses

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton

Epidermophyton

22
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Athlete’s foot

23
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Ring worm

Most common on the trunk

24
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Scalp infection
Patches of hair loss

Favus

25
Q

Favus

A

Mass of hyphal elements surrounding the base of the hair shaft

26
Q

Tinea cruris

A

“Jock itch”

Lesions in the groin, most common in men

27
Q

Tinea unguium

A

Onychomycosis
Infection of nail plate and nail bed

Hyperkeratosis and discoloration

28
Q

Diagnose dermatophytic infections

A

Direct observation of fungal elements in skin scrapings, nail, or hair samples

29
Q

Woods lamp

A

Used to examine lesions on scalp or beard

Many fungi will fluoresce

30
Q

Treat dermatophyte infections

A

Application of exfoliating agents as well as topical azoles

31
Q

Specific treatment for tinea capitis

A

Griseofulvin

32
Q

Treatment for tinea unguium

A

Very difficult to treat

Long term administration of oral antifungals

33
Q

Cutaneous candidiasis presentation

A

Papules or confluent plaques

Redness, tenderness, and cracking

34
Q

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

A

Superficial infections at mouth, face, and fingernails

Immunosuppressed

35
Q

Subcutaneous fungal organisms

A

Sporotrichosis
Chromoblastomycosis

Mycetoma

36
Q

Sporotrichosis causative agent

A

Sporothrix schenckii

37
Q

Sporothrix schenkii features

A

Dimorphic

Induced through traumatic inoculation

38
Q

Sporotrichosis clinical presentation

A

Inflammation at inoculation site
Painless granulomatous lesions

Lesion ulcerates, developing along the draining lymphatic tract

39
Q

Diagnose sporotrichosis

A

Cultivation from tissue or pus

40
Q

Treat sporotrichosis

A

Oral K+ iodide

Oral azoles

41
Q

Chromoblastomycosis clinical presentation

A

Initially a wart-like lesion
Slowly develops into a red/gray cauliflower-like lesion

Painless

42
Q

Diagnose chromoblastomycosis

A 
Brown-pigmented hyphae
Medlar bodies (copper-colored spherical cells)
43
Q

Treat chromoblastomycosis

A

Surgical removal of lesions

Oral antifungals

44
Q

Mycetoma disease

A

Madura foot

45
Q

Mycetoma causative agents

A

Soil-inhabiting fungi
Madurella mycetomatis

Madurella grisea

Pseudallescheria boydii

46
Q

Mycetoma clinical presentation

A

Initially a slow growing papule at site of inoculation
Lesion ulcerates, releasing pus, blood, and discharge

Underlying bone becomes involved, resulting in pitted lesions

Micro exam 8 (10 decks)

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