export_sst fungal infections

Question 1

Four superficial fungal infections

Answer 1

Pityriasis versicolor
Tinea nigra

Black piedra

White piedra

Question 2

Pityariasis versicolor causative agent

Answer 2

Malassezia furfur

Question 3

Malassezia furfur features

Answer 3

Dimorphic
Part of normal flora

Lipophilic

Question 4

Pityriasis vericolor symptoms

Answer 4

Numerous, irregularly shaped scaly patches
Yellow-brown to dark brown in color

Hyper or hypo-pigmentation

Question 5

Diagnose pityriasis versicolor

Answer 5

Direct observation of skin scrapings

KOH prep - “spaghetti and meatballs”

Question 6

Treat pityriasis versicolor

Answer 6

Topical treatment with keratolytic agents or azoles

Question 7

Tinea nigra causative agent

Answer 7

Exophiala werneckii

Question 8

Exophiala werneckii features

Answer 8

Dimorphic

Question 9

Tinea nigra symptoms

Answer 9

Distinct oval-shaped lesions on hands and feet

Light-brown to black in color - organism produces melanin

Question 10

Diagnose tinea nigra

Answer 10

Skin scrapings (KOH) reveal two-celled yeast forms with dark pigment

Question 11

Treat tinea nigra

Answer 11

Topical treatments with keratolytic agents or azoles

Question 12

Black piedra causative agent

Answer 12

Piedra hortae

Question 13

White piedra causative agent

Answer 13

Trichosporon beigelii

Question 14

Black piedra presentation

Answer 14

Nodules composed of asci and ascospores (sexual process)

Question 15

White piedra

Answer 15

Mycelium and anthroconidia forming a collar around the hair shaft

Question 16

Common location for black piedra

Answer 16

Primarily scalp

Nodules firmly attached

Question 17

Common location for white piedra

Answer 17

Pubic, axillary, beards, eyebrows

Loosely attached

Question 18

Diagnose either piedra

Answer 18

Microscopic examination of hair

Question 19

Treat either piedra

Answer 19

Shaving hair and good hygeine

Question 20

Group of organisms that cause cutaneous mycoses

Answer 20

Dermatophytes

Question 21

Three genus’ that cause cutaneous mycoses

Answer 21

Microsporum
Trichophyton

Epidermophyton

Question 22

Tinea pedis

Answer 22

Athlete’s foot

Question 23

Tinea corporis

Answer 23

Ring worm

Most common on the trunk

Question 24

Tinea capitis

Answer 24

Scalp infection
Patches of hair loss

Favus

Question 25

Favus

Answer 25

Mass of hyphal elements surrounding the base of the hair shaft

Question 26

Tinea cruris

Answer 26

"Jock itch" | Lesions in the groin, most common in men

Question 27

Tinea unguium

Answer 27

Onychomycosis Infection of nail plate and nail bed Hyperkeratosis and discoloration

Question 28

Diagnose dermatophytic infections

Answer 28

Direct observation of fungal elements in skin scrapings, nail, or hair samples

Question 29

Woods lamp

Answer 29

Used to examine lesions on scalp or beard | Many fungi will fluoresce

Question 30

Treat dermatophyte infections

Answer 30

Application of exfoliating agents as well as topical azoles

Question 31

Specific treatment for tinea capitis

Answer 31

Griseofulvin

Question 32

Treatment for tinea unguium

Answer 32

Very difficult to treat | Long term administration of oral antifungals

Question 33

Cutaneous candidiasis presentation

Answer 33

Papules or confluent plaques | Redness, tenderness, and cracking

Question 34

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Answer 34

Superficial infections at mouth, face, and fingernails | Immunosuppressed

Question 35

Subcutaneous fungal organisms

Answer 35

Sporotrichosis Chromoblastomycosis Mycetoma

Question 36

Sporotrichosis causative agent

Answer 36

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 37

Sporothrix schenkii features

Answer 37

Dimorphic | Induced through traumatic inoculation

Question 38

Sporotrichosis clinical presentation

Answer 38

Inflammation at inoculation site Painless granulomatous lesions Lesion ulcerates, developing along the draining lymphatic tract

Question 39

Diagnose sporotrichosis

Answer 39

Cultivation from tissue or pus

Question 40

Treat sporotrichosis

Answer 40

Oral K+ iodide | Oral azoles

Question 41

Chromoblastomycosis clinical presentation

Answer 41

Initially a wart-like lesion Slowly develops into a red/gray cauliflower-like lesion Painless

Question 42

Diagnose chromoblastomycosis

Answer 42

``` Brown-pigmented hyphae Medlar bodies (copper-colored spherical cells) ```

Question 43

Treat chromoblastomycosis

Answer 43

Surgical removal of lesions | Oral antifungals

Question 44

Mycetoma disease

Answer 44

Madura foot

Question 45

Mycetoma causative agents

Answer 45

Soil-inhabiting fungi Madurella mycetomatis Madurella grisea Pseudallescheria boydii

Question 46

Mycetoma clinical presentation

Answer 46

Initially a slow growing papule at site of inoculation Lesion ulcerates, releasing pus, blood, and discharge Underlying bone becomes involved, resulting in pitted lesions