export_roxanejvd2014summerbupivicaine for pigs

Question 1

What is the half-life of bupivicaine hydrochloride in human adults and human neonates?

Answer 1

2.7 hours in adults and 8.1 hours in neonates

Question 2

Where are the nasopalantine nerves exiting the maxilla and where is this located?

Answer 2

Nasopalatine foramina, just dorsal to the incisive papilla on the hard palate.

Question 3

What stage or plane of anesthesia is considered deep?

Answer 3

Stage III, plane III.

Question 4

At what plane or stage of anesthesia is there some slight movement?

Answer 4

Stage III, plane I

Question 5

Where are the greater palatine nerves exiting the maxilla?

Answer 5

The greater palatine foramina, located approximately 1 cm palatal to the maxillary M1 tooth

Question 6

What is the maximum dose of bupivicaine recommended for the pig?

Answer 6

2 mg/kg

Question 7

What was the duration of action of the bupivicaine in the infant pigs?

Answer 7

65 - 190 minutes or 1 - 3 hours

Question 8

What was the average time for a first response after bupivicaine was administered?

Answer 8

119 minutes

Question 9

What is the sequence of nerve fibers blocked by bupivicaine?

Answer 9

1st - C fibers (pain)
2nd - A delta fibers (pain and temp)

3rd - AB fibers (mechanoreceptors)

Question 10

In what order does sensation to the nerve fibers returns?

Answer 10

In reverse - AB fibers, then A delta, then C fibers