Experimental Designs. Flashcards
What does repeated measures design, participant partake in?
Both conditions/All.
What do independent measures design, participants partake in?
One condition.
What are matched pairs?
Pairs of participants are matched in terms of key variables, such as age and IQ. This involves pre-testing participants on certain measures in order to match them up.
What is order effects?
Refers to how the positioning of tasks influences the outcome e.g practise effect or boredom effect on second task.
What is participant variable?
Any characteristic or aspect of a participants background that could affect study result’s, even though it’s not the focus of an experiment.
What is demand characteristic’s?
Where individuals change their behaviour due to having the knowledge they are being observed.
What is counterbalancing?
Half the participants experience the conditions in one order, the other half experience them in the opposite order.
What is practise effects(a type of order effects)
Participants may perform better in the second conditions as they know what is expected of them.
What is a strength of Independent measures?
1 It avoids order effects. As participants only take part in one conditions of the experiment, they are less likely to become bored or time.
2 Reduces demand , as participants are take part in one condition of the experiment. This means that they are less likely to guess the aims of the experiment, making the results higher in validity.
What is one disadvantage of using an independent measures.
1= More participants are required as different people take part in the different conditions of the experiments. This makes the design more time consuming and expensive, for the researcher who must recruit more individuals to take part.
What is another disadvantage of independent measures?
- Participant variables may affect the results. For example, differences in age, sex or social background may affect the results by acting as an extraneous variable on the DV which means that psychologists cannot be certain that the IV caused the changes measures.
What is a strength of matched pairs?
- There are benefits of adopting a matched pairs research design in psychological research. because the researcher pairs up the participants so that each conditions has people with similar abilities and characteristics, this reduces participants variables.
What is an disadvantage of matched pairs?
–More participants are required, as different participants take part in the different conditions of the experiment, making the design time consuming and expensive.
What is a strength of repeated measures?
- The same participants are taking part in all conditions of the experiment, fewer participants are required. This makes the design quicker and cheaper, as fewer participants need to be recruited.
What is a disadvantage of repeated measures?
- As the same participants are taking part in both conditions of the experiment order effect can occur. This refers to how the positioning of tasks influences the outcome e.g. practice effect or boredom effect on second task.
