experimental design

Question 1

repeated measures

Answer 1

using the SAME participants in each condition of the experiment so every participant experiences BOTH CONDITIONS

Question 2

independent groups

Answer 2

using DIFFERENT participants in each condition of the experiment so that a participant only experiences ONE CONDITION
participants can be RANDOMLY ALLOCATED

Question 3

matched pairs

Answer 3

using DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR participants in each condition of the experiment so that an effort is made to MATCH THE PARTICIPANTS in each condition based on important variables such as age, sex, ability

Question 4

repeated measures strengths

Answer 4

P = there are no participant variables
E = this is because the person in both conditions haas the same characteristics
E = this is good because this controls an important confounding variable

Question 5

repeated measures weakness

Answer 5

P = the existence of order effects
E = this is a problem because participants may do better or worse when doing a similar task twice due to fatigue effects too
E = this is bad because it reduces the validity of results

Question 6

independent groups strengths

Answer 6

P = there are no order effects
E = this is because participants are only tested once so can’t practise or become bored/ fatigued
E = this is good because this controls an important confounding variable

Question 7

independent groups weakness

Answer 7

P = lots of participant variables
E = this is because the participants in the 2 groups are different acting as extraneous variables and confounding variables
E = this is bad because it may reduce the validity of the study

Question 8

matched pairs strengths

Answer 8

P = lack of order effects
E = this is because participants are only tested once so no practise or fatigue effects
E = this is good because this enhances the validity of results

Question 9

matched pairs weaknesses

Answer 9

P = matching is difficult
E = this is because matching is time consuming and you cant control all relevant variables
E = this is bad because you cannot address all participant variables

Question 10

strength - fewer participants are needed

Answer 10

repeated measures

Question 11

strength - time saving

Answer 11

repeated measures

Question 12

weakness - more participants needed

Answer 12

matched pairs, independent groups

Question 13

strength - reduced effect of participant variables

Answer 13

repeated measures, independent groups

Question 14

strength - decreased risk off demand characteristics

Answer 14

independent groups, matched pairs

Question 15

weakness - time consuming

Answer 15

matched pairs

Question 16

weakness - participants may drop out

Answer 16

repeated, independent, matched

Question 17

weakness - increased risk of demand characteristics

Answer 17

repeated measures