data and reports Flashcards
questionnaires features
allows researcher to gain a large quantity of data quickly, cheaply, efficiently
starts with easy questions, saves those that may make people feel anxious or defensive til later
researcher often not present when the participant is taking part
use filler questions that are irrelevant but distract respondent from main purpose of Qs - reduce demand characteristics
should be piloted to check k clarity and appropriateness
open questions produce what type of data ?
qualitative
closed questions produce what types of data?
quantitative
interviews features
researcher verbally asking participants Qs, over the phone or face-to-face
starts with easy questions, saves those that may make people feel anxious or defensive til later
uses both open and closed Qs
interviews can be recorded by making notes or audio or video recorder
specialist training required
should be piloted to check clarity and appropriateness
structured interview
pre-determined list of questions
all participants asked in the same order
unstructured interview
new questions being developed in response to the participants answers
semi-structured interview
list of questions worked out in advance but the interviewers are also free to ask follow up questions
strengths of questionnaires
less researcher bias
external validity - bigger sample = can generalise
likert closed Qs
respondent indicates their agreement with a statement using a scale
how much do you like chocolate
1 - strongly agree
2 - agree
3 - neutral
4 - disagree
5 - strongly disagree
rating scaled closed Qs
gets respondents to identify a value that represents the strength of feeling about a particular topic
how much do you enjoy school
very enjoyable 1 2 3 4 5 not at all enjoyable
fixed choice closed qs
includes a list of possible options and respondents are required to indicate those that apply to them
what is your favourite type of film
romantic
horror
comedy
tragedy
errors that should be avoided when writing Qs
over use of jargon
emotive language
leading Qs
double-barrelled Qs
double-negatives
errors to avoid when writing Qs - over use of jargon
avoid using technical terms that are only familiar to those inn a specialist field
errors to avoid when writing Qs - emotive language
avoid using language that creates a strong emotional response in the participants that ay influence their response
errors to avoid when writing Qs - leading Qs
avoid using Qs that guide the participants to respond in a certain way