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S4 Chemistry > Expected knowledge Aug 19 > Flashcards

Expected knowledge Aug 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why can acids never have zero OH- ions present

A

Because acids are aqueous solutions and the dissociation of water means some OH- ions must be present

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2
Q

What is the test for Water

A

Turns cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink

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3
Q

Electrolysis

A

Breaking apart a compound using electricity

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4
Q

Functional Group

A

The part of a molecule that is responsible for its chemical (and sometimes physical) properties.

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5
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction that releases energy

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6
Q

What is the test for unsaturated compounds?

A

Rapidly decolourises bromine solution

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7
Q

Neutralisation of acids

A

Removing excess H+ aqueous ions from a solution

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8
Q

Acid

A

Solution containing a higher number of H+ aqueous ions than OH- aqueous ions

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9
Q

Why can alkalis never have zero H+ ions present

A

Because alkalis are aqueous solutions and the dissociation of water means some H+ ions must be present

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10
Q

isomers

A

molecules whic have same molecular formula Different structural formula

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11
Q

Covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons

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12
Q

Noble gases

A

Unreactive group 8 elements

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13
Q

Base

A

A substance that neutralises an acid

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14
Q

Indicator

A

A substance that changes colour when something is added to it

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15
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements

A

Iodine Hydrogen Nitrogen Bromine Oxygen Chlorine Fluorine

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16
Q

What is the test for Oxygen

A

Relights a glowing splint

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17
Q

Electricity

A

The flow of charged particles(electrons and ions)

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18
Q

Salt

A

When the H+ aqueous ions of an acid are replaced by metal (or ammonium) ions

  1. sulphuric acid gives sulphate salts
  2. hydrochloric acid gives chloride salts
  3. nitric acid gives nitrate salts
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19
Q

What are the properties of neutrons

A

Charge: 0 Mass: 1 a.m.u Found: in the nucleus

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20
Q

Acidic oxide

A

Non metal oxide that is soluble in water

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21
Q

Fuel

A

A substance that burns to release energy

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22
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an element

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23
Q

Halogen

A

Any of the group 7 elements

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24
Q

Diatomic

A

A molecule containing two atoms

25
Q

Spectator ion

A

An ion that doesn’t take part in a reaction Reactions of acids Displacement reactions

26
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Compound containing only C and H

27
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction

28
Q

What is the test for Carbon dioxide

A

Turns lime water cloudy

29
Q

Isotope

A

Same atomic number Different mass number

30
Q

Basic oxide

A

Metal oxide that is soluble in water

31
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid into which a substence will dissolve

32
Q

Period

A

Horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

33
Q

A mole

A

The gram formula mass of a substance

34
Q

What are the 4 types of base

A

Metal Metal Hydroxide Metal Carbonate Metal Oxide

35
Q

What are the properties of protons

A

Charge : 1+ Mass: 1 a.m.u Found: in the nucleus

36
Q

What are the properties of electrons

A

Charge: 1- Mass: 0 Found : in shells around nucleus

37
Q

Combustion

A

Combining with oxygen to release energy

38
Q

What is the test for Hydrogen

A

Burns with a pop

39
Q

Give 2 advantages of neutralising with a metal carbonate instead of a metal oxide

A
  1. Reaction rate is high enough that acid doesn’t need to be heated
  2. Easier end point detection due to evolution of CO2
40
Q

Ion

A

Atom which has lost or gained electrons

41
Q

Endothermic

A

Reaction in which heat energy is taken in

42
Q

Element

A

Substance containing only one type of atom

43
Q

Alkali metal

A

Any of the group 1 metals

44
Q

Solution

A

A mixture of a solvent and a solute

45
Q

Lattice

A

A regular, repeating 3-D structure

46
Q

Solute

A

A substance that will dissolve in a liquid (water)

47
Q

Relative atomic mass (RAM)

A

The average mass of an element taking into account the relative abundance of each isotope

48
Q

Saturated

A

A substance where all C to C bonds are single

49
Q

Density

A

Mass divided by volume

50
Q

Acid rain

A

Rain with pH below 5.5

51
Q

Unsaturated

A

A substance contains (at least) on C=C bond

52
Q

Pollution

A

The introduction of harmful substances into the environment

53
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds

54
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom

55
Q

Why are atoms neutral

A

They contain equal numbers of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons)

56
Q

Ion migration

A

Movement of ions to opposite charged terminal

57
Q

Homologous series

A

Compounds with Same general formula Similar chemical properties

58
Q

Alkali

A

Solution with higher numbers of OH- aqueous ions than H+ aqueous ions

59
Q

Valency

A

The number of unpaired of outer electrons

S4 Chemistry (26 decks)

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