2. Atomic structure Flashcards
What is meant by an element?
A substance with only one type of atom.
Approximately how many elements are there?
100
Where are all the naturally occuring elements made?
In the stars
Where are elements listed?
On the periodic table
Name 3 ways in which the periodic table can be split into categories
- Metal and non-metals
- Solids, liquids and gases
- Naturrally occurring and man-made
Approx how many elements are naturally occurring?
92
Numbers 1 to 92
Hydrogen to Uranium
Name the 2 liquid elements at room temperature
Bromine
Mercury
How many elemnts are gases at roomp temperature?
11
(Be able to name 2 of them at least)
What is meant by a “group” in the periodic table?
What is meant by a “period” in the periodic table?
What name is given to the group 1 metals?
What name is given to the group 7 elements?
What name is given to the group 8 elements?
What are the 3 particles in an atom?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What are the charges on each particle in an atom?
Protons +1
Electrons -1
Neutrons 0
Which 2 particles have a mass of 1?
Protons and Neutrons
Why are atoms neutrally charged?
They have equal numbers of protons and electrons
What charge is on the nucleus of an atom?
Positive because it contains protons (+ve charge) and neutrons (zero charge)
What is an “electrostatic attraction”
The attrraction between positive and negative particles.
What stops the electrons in an atom from escaping as they spin around
The electrostatic attraction of the positively charged nucleus
What does the period number tell you about an atoms of elements found in that period?
They all have the same number of shells as the period number
Where are electron found in an atom?
In shells around the nucleus
What is the maximum number of electrons possible in each shell?
What does the group number tell you?
The number of outer electrons
By what other name is the outer shell known?
The “Valence” shell
What is Valency?
The number of unpaired electron in an atom’s valence shell
