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S4 Chemistry > 8. Acids & Bases > Flashcards

8. Acids & Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the number range of the pH scale?

A

1-14

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2
Q

What does the pH scale measure?

A

The acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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3
Q

What is the pH range for acids?

A

Less than 7

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4
Q

What is the pH range for alkalis?

A

Greater than 7

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5
Q

Name 3 indicators used in the lab

A

pH paper universal indicator red cabbage indicator

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6
Q

What is the pH value for neutral solutions?

A

7

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7
Q

What are produced when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

A salt and hydrogen

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8
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

It burns with a pop

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9
Q

What is meant by neutralisation (S2)?

A

The pH value moves towards and reaches 7

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10
Q

How do you test for pH value?

A
  1. Add some suitable indicator to substance 2. Match colour to appropriate colour chart 3. Read off pH value matching that colour
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11
Q

Do strong acids have a higher or lower pH than weak acids?

A

Lower

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12
Q

Do strong alkalis have a higher or lower pH than weak alkalis?

A

Higher

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13
Q

What are the 3 acids used in the lab?

A
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Sulphuric acid
  • Nitric acid
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14
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

H+ Cl- (aq)

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15
Q

What is the formula for sulphuric acid?

A

(H+)2 SO42- (aq)

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16
Q

What is the formula for nitric acid?

A

H+ NO3- (aq)

17
Q

What is meant by neutralising an acid? (S3)

A

Getting rid of excess H+ (aq) ions

18
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that neutralises an acid by getting rid of excess H+ (aq) ions

19
Q

Name the 4 types of base

A
  • metals
  • metal oxides
  • metal carbonates
  • metal hydroxides
20
Q

What type of salts are formed when sulphuric acid is neutralised?

A

sulphate salts

21
Q

What type of salts are formed when nitric acid is neutralised?

A

nitrate salts

22
Q

What type of salts are formed when hydrochloric acid is neutralised?

A

chloride salts

23
Q

What is a salt? (S3)

A

When the H+ (aq) ions of an acid are replaced by metal ions

24
Q

How do metals neutralise acids?

A

They lose electrons and force them onto H+ (aq) ions allowing them to form covalent bonds and produce molecules of H2 gas

25
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A solution with higher concentration of OH_ (aq) ions than H+ (aq) ions

26
Q

What is an acid?

A

A solution with higher concentration of H+ (aq) ions than OH_ (aq) ions

27
Q

True or false. Acidic solutions do not contain OH_ (aq) ions

A

False. All soltions regardless of pH contain both H+ (aq) ions and OH_ (aq) ions

28
Q

True or false. Alkaline solutions do not contain H+ (aq) ions

A

False. All soltions regardless of pH contain both H+ (aq) ions and OH_ (aq) ions

S4 Chemistry (26 decks)

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