Expansion & War Flashcards
Republican Goals
1802 Congress has abolished all internal taxation
Tariffs and taxes cut down
National debt cut in half due to reduced federal expenditures
John Adams navy reduced
Midnight Judges
Before the deadline Federalists appoint new Judges to the Supreme court in order to maintain some power
Barbary Pirates
Northern Africa Attacking European shippers Demand "tribute" to not attack ships Get greedy and keep increasing the "tribute" US refuses to pay and rebuilds Navy US defeat the pirates
John Marshall
Federalists control the Judiciary System
Judiciary Act 1801
-Creates new federal courts
-Adams appoints new federalist judges before his term ends (see Midnight Judges)
-John Marshall appointed as Chief Justice
-Marshall appointed in order to butt heads with Jefferson because Adams and Jefferson are feuding
Judicial Review
Marshall wants to increase the power of the Judiciary Branch
Court case Madison vs. Marbury sets precedent for Judicial Review
-Supreme Court has final say to decide if a law is constitutional
Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon is declared emperor and wants to expand French empire
Still at war with England
Signs secret treaty with Spain to Louisiana back into French territory
Spain revokes Right of Deposit
Outrages western farmers
Jefferson wants to avoid war but needs the support of the farmers
Sends James Monroe and Robert Livingston to negotiate
By this time Napoleon realizes he is too busy with war in Europe to build or defend the Louisiana Territory
Napoleon offers to sell the land
Monroe and Livingston accept the offer without consulting with the Govt. but Jefferson and congress are pleased with the acquisition
Aaron Burr
12th amendment changes the way the Vice President is appointed so Burr doesn’t become VP
Moves to New York to be Governor
Feels Hamilton is blocking all his political moves
Essex Junto is a group advocating succession from the union and are in communication with Burr
Hamilton calls Burr out as a traitor
Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel and kills him
Moves and hides in South Carolina
1804 Election
Federalists run Pinkney but Jefferson wins by a landslide
Vice President is Clinton
Burr moves west and befriends James Wilkinson
Burr Conspiracy
Burr and Wilkinson discuss raising an army of frontiers men to capture the SW Territories from Spain
Wilkinson rats Burr out and a warrant is issued for his arrest
Burr is captured and tried for treason
John Marshall decides to sit as judge and clears Burr of all charges (Sticking it to Jefferson again?)
European Conflict
Continental System - Napoleon’s idea to form a system of nations to improve economically while cutting off England’s global empire
Sets up a naval blockade to ships from entering British ports
England creates the Orders in Council - Any nation trading with Napoleon’s empire must have their cargo checked by British authorities
Embargo
Jefferson imposes an embargo on all european nations with the 1807 Embargo Act
Meant to hurt France and England but they don’t give in
Creates an economical depression because goods can’t get out of the country
Hurts Jefferson’s popularity
1808 Election
Jefferson steps aside after 2nd term D. Republicans nominate James Madison Federalists nominate Pinkney again Madison wins despite the embargo's unpopularity Federalist party is losing popularity
Embargo Loosened
Non Intercourse Act 1809 lifts ban on international trade except for France and England
This improves the economy slightly
Macon’s Bill 1810 lifts the ban in France
Henry Clay and his group called the Warhawks are in favor of war with England
Frontier Hostilities
Americans moving westward has pushed the Native Americans into Canada which is under British Control
William Henry Harrison quoted as saying “Assimilate or Migrate”
Tecumseh and The Profit
Tecumseh - War Chief
The Profit - Religious Chief
Two brothers that create an Indian confederacy that attack US territories
Battle of Tippecanoe
Harrison attacks the brothers in Tippecanoe in 1811
Breaks up the confederacy and brothers move to Canada
From there they run raids on US colonies across the borders
War of 1812
Madison gives into the Warhawks and declares war on England
Launch an invasion on British Canada which fails
British counter-attack and capture Fort Dearhorne in Chicago
US has some naval success
1813
England having trouble keeping american war going due to the focus on Napoleon’s armies
American’s begin having success
William Harrison (General now) invades Canada up the Thames river where Tecumseh is killed
US drives British ships out of the Great Lakes
Andrew Jackson begins winning battles in the South West
1814
Napoleon is defeated and the British can now focus on war with US
Plan a 3 part attack
1. Attack Great Lakes frontier from Canada in order to cut off the North East from the rest of US
2. Naval force and troops move up the Chesapeake
-Washington DC is captured and burned in retaliation to burned cities in Canada
-Fort McHenry in Baltimore holds through British naval barrage (Francis Scott Key is on board British ships and writes the Star Spangled Banner)
3. Attack and capture New Orleans and move up Miss. river
-Andrew Jackson is moving to New Orleans while recruiting men along the way
-Jackson digs in because they are outnumbered
-British forces attack head on and Jackson’s forces kill 700, wound 1400, capture 500 men and loses 8 men with 14 wounded
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty with England was signed a month prior to the battle of New Orleans but news couldn’t get to the armies in time before the battle
