Culture and Reform Flashcards
Romantic Movement
Emphasis on feelings and nature
Impacted art and literature
Trancendentalists
Philosophers and Scientists focused on human relationships with nature
Actively involved in reform movements
Visions of Utopia
Communities of centralized thought New Harmony -1825 Indiana (Industrial community) Brook Farm -1841 New Hampshire (Transcendentalist Community) Oneida Community -1848 New York -Focused on family structure -Polygamists -Manufactured silverware Shakers -1770's New England -Moving westward by 1830's -Believed in equality -Selibate Mormons -1830 New York founded by John Smith -Run out of New York and move west -John Smith dies in Missouri valley -Brigham Young takes over and moves the Utah (Salt Lake City)
Revivalism
Awakened interest in religion
More emotional and personal than old religions (revivals)
Temperance
Moderate drinking
Evolved in to abstinence and eventually prohibition
Health and Medicine
Health and Medical advancement Cholera outbreaks were common Sterilization discovered and practiced Awareness of contagions Phrenology - Idea that everything about a person can be devised from the shape of your head
Education
Educational reform All children should have free education Horace Mann -Advocate for teacher training -Universal curriculum -Standardized school year William McGufee -First textbooks that were stepped based on a students age or education
Asylum Movement
Unfortunate people deserve protection -Orphans, Injured, Mentally ill, Elderly Penitentiary Forming -Prisoner reform and rehabilitation -Indian Reservations in a sense
Women’s Sufferage
Right to Vote
Abigail Adams (First Lady John Q. Adams mother)
-Advocate for women’s right to vote
New Jersey allowed women to vote for a short time
1840’s Seneca Falls Convention
-Declaration of Rights
Anti-Slavery Movement
Origins
-1400’s to 1600’s slavery was a fact of life
-Late 1600’s Quakers begin speaking out
-1700’s Enlightenment Era
-During american revolution states begin to abolish slavery
-Cotton boom revitalizes slavery
American Colonization Society 1817
-Jefferson and Monroe
-Free slaves and find somewhere to put them
-Purchase slaves from owners and return them to Africa
-Partially successful but slaves do not want to go back to Africa see themselves as Americans too
-Americas purchase Liberia
-Expense was too much
Abolitionism
Created by William Loyd Garrison
Committed to anti-slavery
Immediate, Universal, Unconditional
Starts Newspaper “Liberator” 1831 (led to Nat Turner Slave Revolt)
Fredrick Douglas an escaped slave/orator writes autobiography and starts paper “The North Star”
Their direct approach alienates some people who think they are too extreme
Free-Soil Movement
Abe Lincoln is a proponent
Realize they can’t end slavery immediately
Try to strangle it off and stop it from spreading and eventually the soil will spoil
No new slave states
