Expansion in Africa - Moral Factors

Question 1

Rhodes

Answer 1

• Social Darwinist
• Believed it was Anglo-Saxon race’s duty to civilised
• 1877: Confessions of Faith: ‘I contend that we’re the finest race in the world, and the more we inhabit, the better it is for the human race’

Question 2

Livingstone

Answer 2

• 1857: published ‘Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa’
• Having opened up Nyasaland through creating the BCA protectorate 1893, settled by Scottish missionaries

Question 3

South Africa (Conference)

Answer 3

• 1882: Methodist missionary organisation established called ‘South African Conference’

Question 4

South Africa (Mackenzie)

Answer 4

• Missionary Mackenzie pressured British government to establish a protectorate over Bechuanalnd
• Also persuaded the raid launched on the Transvaal in 1885 because Uitlanders were being denied voting rights and citizenship

Question 5

East Africa (Uganda)

Answer 5

• Saw many Anglican Catholics filling Buganda and successfully converting many Bugandans

Question 6

East Africa (Slessor)

Answer 6

• 1876: Scottish missionary Mary Slessor lived in Nigeria and fought to end local tribal practice of killing twins which the tribal peoples thought to be the work of the devil

Question 7

Generally…

Answer 7

Missionary groups established compounds, set up churches and provided food, housing, farm work and education in return for native conversions to Christianity and so extended Britain’s commercial reach

Question 8

East Africa (Mackinnon)

Answer 8

• 1891: Mackinnon founded the Church of Scotland in Kibwezi, modern Kenya

Question 9

East Africa (Slavery)

Answer 9

• EA wasn’t economically viable but the British feared the return of the Arab slave trade
• Lord Grey: if they hadn’t gone to Uganda, would have been a ‘great revival of the slave trade’ as those slave traders driven out of the German sphere of influence would have gone to Uganda

Question 10

Egypt and the Sudan

Answer 10

• Lord Cromer/Evelyn Baring was Consul-General of Egypt 1883-1907
• Strong Christian
• Got rid of kurbash (punishment by whip), stopped the slave supply, closed gambling houses, developed the education system, by encouraging teaching in English