Expanding Muslim Empires Flashcards
ghazis
Anatolian Turks considered themselves warriors for Islam
infidels
non-believers of the faith.
Emir
Chief Commander of the Turks
Sultan
Overlord
Following Osman, his son Orkhan declared himself Sultan.
bureaucracy
A trained civil service; state official.
Devshirme System
The Sultan’s army would draft boys from Christian families into service. Known as Janissaries.
millets
nations
Akbar.
The greatest one.
The Ottomans’ military success was largely due to:
the changing tactics of military campaigns, using gunpowder for muskets and cannons.
Osman
(Pronounced Othman)
Most successful Turk ghazi. His followers were named Ottomans
Timur the Lame
Halted the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the early 1400s
Ottomans had to wait for Timur to focus on China before they could continue their campaign.
Mehmed the Conquerer
1453, Mehmed II, age 21, launched an attack on the Holy City of Constantinople
Suleyman the Lawmaker
His crowning achievement was the management of his immense empire. Suleyman created a law code to handle both criminal and civil actions.
Safavids Empire
Named after Safi al-Din in the 15th Century, the Safavids aligned themselves with Shi’a Islam
Isma’il
1499, a 12-year-old led the conquest of Iran in two years.
Shah Abbas, or Abbas the Great
Took the Safavid throne in 1587. Punished corruption severely, reformed the military, and allowed foreigners to travel and trade within the empire.
The Mughal Empire
Between the 13th and 16th centuries, 33 different Sultans ruled over the Indian people from Delhi.
What rules in Constantinople were different between Muslims and Non-Muslims.
Muslims were required to serve in the military, though did not have to pay taxes
Non-Muslims were not required to serve in the military but had to pay taxes
Decline of the Ottoman Empire:
Suleyman was paranoid about losing influence and power.
Killed his oldest son, exiled his second son, and left the kingdom to his third son, Selim II “the incompetent”.
What causes Cultural Blending?
Migration
Pursuit of Religious Freedom
Trade
Conquest
Results of Cultural Blending
Language
Religion
Government
Ethnic Blending
Arts and Architecture
Shi’a Islam Rule:
citizens who refused to convert to Shi’a Islam were put to death
What led to the destruction of Baghdad and execution of 40,000 Shi’a Muslims in the Ottoman Empire?
Confrontations between the Safavids and the Ottomans over religion
Safavid Decline:
In 1763, Nadir Shah Afshar launched a conquest of Indian territory. The empire was expanding.
Through Nadir’s brutality, one of his soldiers assassinated him, bringing an end to the Safavid Empire, and starting a new rising empire in India.
