Expanding Muslim Empires

Question 1

ghazis

Answer 1

Anatolian Turks considered themselves warriors for Islam

Question 2

infidels

Answer 2

non-believers of the faith.

Question 3

Emir

Answer 3

Chief Commander of the Turks

Question 4

Sultan

Answer 4

Overlord

Following Osman, his son Orkhan declared himself Sultan.

Question 5

bureaucracy

Answer 5

A trained civil service; state official.

Question 6

Devshirme System

Answer 6

The Sultan’s army would draft boys from Christian families into service. Known as Janissaries.

Question 7

millets

Answer 7

nations

Question 8

Akbar.

Answer 8

The greatest one.

Question 9

The Ottomans’ military success was largely due to:

Answer 9

the changing tactics of military campaigns, using gunpowder for muskets and cannons.

Question 10

Osman

(Pronounced Othman)

Answer 10

Most successful Turk ghazi. His followers were named Ottomans

Question 11

Timur the Lame

Answer 11

Halted the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the early 1400s

Ottomans had to wait for Timur to focus on China before they could continue their campaign.

Question 12

Mehmed the Conquerer

Answer 12

1453, Mehmed II, age 21, launched an attack on the Holy City of Constantinople

Question 13

Suleyman the Lawmaker

Answer 13

His crowning achievement was the management of his immense empire. Suleyman created a law code to handle both criminal and civil actions.

Question 14

Safavids Empire

Answer 14

Named after Safi al-Din in the 15th Century, the Safavids aligned themselves with Shi’a Islam

Question 15

Isma’il

Answer 15

1499, a 12-year-old led the conquest of Iran in two years.

Question 16

Shah Abbas, or Abbas the Great

Answer 16

Took the Safavid throne in 1587. Punished corruption severely, reformed the military, and allowed foreigners to travel and trade within the empire.

Question 17

The Mughal Empire

Answer 17

Between the 13th and 16th centuries, 33 different Sultans ruled over the Indian people from Delhi.

Question 18

What rules in Constantinople were different between Muslims and Non-Muslims.

Answer 18

Muslims were required to serve in the military, though did not have to pay taxes
Non-Muslims were not required to serve in the military but had to pay taxes

Question 19

Decline of the Ottoman Empire:

Answer 19

Suleyman was paranoid about losing influence and power.
Killed his oldest son, exiled his second son, and left the kingdom to his third son, Selim II “the incompetent”.

Question 20

What causes Cultural Blending?

Answer 20

Migration
Pursuit of Religious Freedom
Trade
Conquest

Question 21

Results of Cultural Blending

Answer 21

Language
Religion
Government
Ethnic Blending
Arts and Architecture

Question 22

Shi’a Islam Rule:

Answer 22

citizens who refused to convert to Shi’a Islam were put to death

Question 23

What led to the destruction of Baghdad and execution of 40,000 Shi’a Muslims in the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 23

Confrontations between the Safavids and the Ottomans over religion

Question 24

Safavid Decline:

Answer 24

In 1763, Nadir Shah Afshar launched a conquest of Indian territory. The empire was expanding.
Through Nadir’s brutality, one of his soldiers assassinated him, bringing an end to the Safavid Empire, and starting a new rising empire in India.

Question 25

Munghal Decline:

Answer 25

Akbar’s death in 1605 led to rapid change in the Mughal Empire.
Widespread assassinations, war, and famine ultimately drove the Mughal Empire to collapse.
By 1661, Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan’s youngest son allowed European powers to build trading posts, forts, and gifted the Port of Bombay to England