Age of Revolution Flashcards
First Continental Congress
September 1774. Created by the colonies to protest the treatment of Boston.
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
Drafted by the Continental Congress to outline their grievances with Britian.
Declaration of Independence
July of 1776. Issued by the Second Continental Congress.
Colonies declared themselves absolved from Britain. Influenced by John Locke.
Articles of Confederation
The U.S. created a loose confederation of states.
Only one body of government-Congress, each state had the same authority, and Congress could not collect taxes or regulate trade.
Constitutional Republic
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
Federal system
Facade
An outward appearance that is maintained to conceal a less pleasant or creditable reality.
Social classes in France
First Estate (Clergy), Second Estate (Nobles), and the Third Estate (Bourgeoisie, Peasants)
Tithe
One-tenth annual produce share or earning tax.
Bastille Day
July 14, 1789, a mob broke into the Bastille, a prison in Paris.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
“Rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.”
Factions of the legislative assembly
Radicals (opposed monarch)
Moderates
Conservatives (supported monarch).
Emigre
Nobles who fled France. Favored the Old Regime, and wished to undo the Revolution
Sans-Culottes
Parisian workers and shopkeepers who wanted more significant changes and Revolution
National Convention Changes
Abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic
Adult male citizens were granted the right to vote and hold office
Jacobins
Members of a radical political organization. Involved in governmental changes.
Maximilien Robespierre
A Jacobin leader that gained power in France.
By July 1793, he began ruling as a dictator.
Reign of Terror
To protect the revolution from “enemies”, Robespierre’s Committee of Public Safety tried and executed as many as 40,000 people.
End of the Terror: Robespierre was executed on July 28, 1794.
Coup d’etat
Known as a “coup”. A “blow to the state”.
Napoleon Bonaparte
First Consul of France. Emperor in 1801.
Lycees
Government-run public schools that trained government officials.
Merit
The quality of being good or worthy.
Concordat
An agreement or treaty.
The Church recognized that Napoleon had power over them.
Napoleonic Codes
A uniform set of laws. Eliminated injustices, but greatly limited liberty.
Louisiana Territory
Napoleon sold France’s territories in the Americas to the United States.
