Exfoliative And Aspiritive Cytology Flashcards
What are exfoliating cells
Cells that are shed spontaneously
What is Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)
A technique in which a needle is used to obtain cells
What is the role of the BMS in exfoliative Cytology
Preparation of samples - sample them, retrieve them, stain them Quality control Primary screening Reporting negative samples Prepar agars
Why are cells fixated
To prevent petrifaction (breakdown via microbes) and autolysis of cells by enzymes
What does fixation do on a cellular level
Works by stabilising proteins, denaturing or coagulating proteins and may disrupt chemical bonds
How does alcoholic fixation work
Dehydrated cells called a Coagulative fixative
Cells contract, appearing round or spherical
Provides excellent preservation of both nuclear and cytoplasmic details
Cheap fast convenient easy
How does air dry fixation work
Removes water from cells
Flattens call against glass slide creating impression of enlargement
Especially useful at on site adequacy assessments
Cheap fast convenient easy
Why do we stain sample and how does it work
To bring out components as they are all similar contrast and refractive index
They bind to tissues (specific chemicals)
Name the main three agents used in PAP stain
Haemotoxylin Eosin azure (EA) Orange G (OG)
Describe haemotoxylin
It’s a nuclear stain which is important as disease alters nuclear structure & contents
Describe Eosin Azure (EA)
Contains light green and eosin to stain cytoplasm Pink or Green
Describe Orange G (OG)
Small dye that penetrates dense structures e.g. keratin and stains Orange
Give 2 examples of exfoliative samples
Urine and body fluid samples
What 3 places are FNA used to sample
FNA Neck, FNA Lung, FNA Lymph Nodes
Give some examples of places cells shed spontaneously (internally)
UT, respiratory tract, serous cavities