Exercise Mood Affect and Emotion Flashcards
What are the two subcategories of ‘basic affect’?
Mood and Emotion
What are the two dimensions of Affect?
Valence (Pleasure - Displeasure)
Arousal (High arousal - Sleep)
Who devised the circumplex model of affect?
Posner et al 2005
What is the circumplex model of affect?
a 2D scale of valence and arousal
What is the basic definition of emotion?
Brief specific affective state that occurs in response to events
What are the primary universal emotions?
- Anger
- Fear
- Disgust
- Joy
- Surprise
- Sadness
What is the basic definiton of mood?
Enduring feeling state accompanied with anticipation of pleasure or pain
What is the most common measure of mood?
Profile of Mood States
What did Morgan 1977 find about the differences in mood statesbetween runners and average population?
- Runners were higher than average in Vigor
- Runners were much lower than average in Tension, Depression, Anger, Fatigue, Depression
According to Thayer et al 1994, what are the top 6 most popular mood management strategies?
- Exercise most popular, followed by:
- Music
- Friends
- Chores
- Sleep
- Reframing
What do the US Surgeon General (2000) and the Department of Health (2004) think about exercise and mood?
Exercise can increase mood
What are the limiting factors to mood-exercise research? give reference
-Inconsistency in concepts and methods
-Dose-response issues
-Individual response differences
-Expectancy and cohort effects
-Ecological validity (lab vs outdoors)
Carron et al 2003
What did Barton and Pretty 2010 find about the mood benefits of ‘green exercise’?
- Outdoor exercise benefits self esteem and mood
- Presence of water generated the greatest effect
- Mood benefits for short durations, light/vigorous, middle aged
What did Yeung 1996 meta-analysis find about the mood enhancing effects of exercise?
- Effect in 85% of studies, in both clinical and non-clinical samples
- Weakest effect in strictest studies
- Greatest effect in self selected exercise
- Did not vary by age, sex, or fitness
- Negative for females in late stage of pregnanc
According to Thayer (1988) what is the minimum effective dose of exercise to reduce emotional tension?
10-15 walk can enhance vigor and reduce tension for up to 7 hours
According to the Department of Health 2004 what is the minimum effective dose of exercise to improve mood?
20-60 mins moderate exercise
According to Yeung 1996 what is the recommended intensity of exercise for improving mood?
60-80% VO2max
According to McDonald and Hodgdon 1991, what are the impacts of chronic exercise on mood?
Higher aerobic fitness lead to decreased anger, depression, fatigue, confusion and tension
What is the exercise-mood paradox?
If exercise improves mood, why don’t we exercise more?
What is the explanation for the exercise-mood paradox by Hardy and Rejeski 1989 ?
Affect becomes increasingly negative and variable at higher intensities
What is the Bixby et al 2001 explanation for maintenance and rebound models
Affect during exercise is often negative even though affect after is significantly higher (Rebound effect)
Affect during exercise is high and stays high after (maintenance effect)
What did Bixby 2001 find about the differences in impact of exercise of different intensities on mood?
High intensity = Affect low during exercise but high after
Low intensity = Affect high during exercise but lower after
What did Rhodes and Kates 2015 find about the impact of affect during exercise?
Affect during exercise predicted future engagement in physical activity
What are the potential explanations for the mechanisms of mood change due to exercise?
- Mastery hypothesis
- Distraction hypothesis
- Thermogenic hypothesis
- Endorphin hypothesis
- Changes in frontal cortex activation (Woo et al 2009)
What evidence is there to show that changes in frontal cortex activation improves mood?
Highest activation of right lobe coincides with the highest self-reported mood in Woo et al 2009
How can training cause negative mood?
- Burnout/Overtraining
- Increased risk of clinical depression in elite athletes
How does exercise cessation affect mood state?
Exercise cessation leads to decrease in mood, Fitness loss predicted depression (Berlin et al 2006)
