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Psychology of Exercise and Health > Exercise Mood Affect and Emotion > Flashcards

Exercise Mood Affect and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two subcategories of ‘basic affect’?

A

Mood and Emotion

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2
Q

What are the two dimensions of Affect?

A

Valence (Pleasure - Displeasure)

Arousal (High arousal - Sleep)

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3
Q

Who devised the circumplex model of affect?

A

Posner et al 2005

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4
Q

What is the circumplex model of affect?

A

a 2D scale of valence and arousal

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5
Q

What is the basic definition of emotion?

A

Brief specific affective state that occurs in response to events

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6
Q

What are the primary universal emotions?

A
  • Anger
  • Fear
  • Disgust
  • Joy
  • Surprise
  • Sadness
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7
Q

What is the basic definiton of mood?

A

Enduring feeling state accompanied with anticipation of pleasure or pain

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8
Q

What is the most common measure of mood?

A

Profile of Mood States

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9
Q

What did Morgan 1977 find about the differences in mood statesbetween runners and average population?

A
  • Runners were higher than average in Vigor

- Runners were much lower than average in Tension, Depression, Anger, Fatigue, Depression

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10
Q

According to Thayer et al 1994, what are the top 6 most popular mood management strategies?

A
  • Exercise most popular, followed by:
  • Music
  • Friends
  • Chores
  • Sleep
  • Reframing
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11
Q

What do the US Surgeon General (2000) and the Department of Health (2004) think about exercise and mood?

A

Exercise can increase mood

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12
Q

What are the limiting factors to mood-exercise research? give reference

A

-Inconsistency in concepts and methods
-Dose-response issues
-Individual response differences
-Expectancy and cohort effects
-Ecological validity (lab vs outdoors)
Carron et al 2003

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13
Q

What did Barton and Pretty 2010 find about the mood benefits of ‘green exercise’?

A
  • Outdoor exercise benefits self esteem and mood
  • Presence of water generated the greatest effect
  • Mood benefits for short durations, light/vigorous, middle aged
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14
Q

What did Yeung 1996 meta-analysis find about the mood enhancing effects of exercise?

A
  • Effect in 85% of studies, in both clinical and non-clinical samples
  • Weakest effect in strictest studies
  • Greatest effect in self selected exercise
  • Did not vary by age, sex, or fitness
  • Negative for females in late stage of pregnanc
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15
Q

According to Thayer (1988) what is the minimum effective dose of exercise to reduce emotional tension?

A

10-15 walk can enhance vigor and reduce tension for up to 7 hours

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16
Q

According to the Department of Health 2004 what is the minimum effective dose of exercise to improve mood?

A

20-60 mins moderate exercise

17
Q

According to Yeung 1996 what is the recommended intensity of exercise for improving mood?

A

60-80% VO2max

18
Q

According to McDonald and Hodgdon 1991, what are the impacts of chronic exercise on mood?

A

Higher aerobic fitness lead to decreased anger, depression, fatigue, confusion and tension

19
Q

What is the exercise-mood paradox?

A

If exercise improves mood, why don’t we exercise more?

20
Q

What is the explanation for the exercise-mood paradox by Hardy and Rejeski 1989 ?

A

Affect becomes increasingly negative and variable at higher intensities

21
Q

What is the Bixby et al 2001 explanation for maintenance and rebound models

A

Affect during exercise is often negative even though affect after is significantly higher (Rebound effect)
Affect during exercise is high and stays high after (maintenance effect)

22
Q

What did Bixby 2001 find about the differences in impact of exercise of different intensities on mood?

A

High intensity = Affect low during exercise but high after

Low intensity = Affect high during exercise but lower after

23
Q

What did Rhodes and Kates 2015 find about the impact of affect during exercise?

A

Affect during exercise predicted future engagement in physical activity

24
Q

What are the potential explanations for the mechanisms of mood change due to exercise?

A
  • Mastery hypothesis
  • Distraction hypothesis
  • Thermogenic hypothesis
  • Endorphin hypothesis
  • Changes in frontal cortex activation (Woo et al 2009)
25
Q

What evidence is there to show that changes in frontal cortex activation improves mood?

A

Highest activation of right lobe coincides with the highest self-reported mood in Woo et al 2009

26
Q

How can training cause negative mood?

A
  • Burnout/Overtraining

- Increased risk of clinical depression in elite athletes

27
Q

How does exercise cessation affect mood state?

A

Exercise cessation leads to decrease in mood, Fitness loss predicted depression (Berlin et al 2006)

Psychology of Exercise and Health (10 decks)

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