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E.P > Exercise Intensity Domains > Flashcards

Exercise Intensity Domains Flashcards

1
Q

Define exercise intensity

A

How we categorise an ind. physiological response to external work.

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2
Q

Define normalising

A

Attempt to ensure the ind. experience an equivalent physiological demand.

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3
Q

When is it important to ‘normalise’ exercise intensity?

A

In any scientific study when measuring the physiological or perceptual impact of an intervention. i.e substance utilisation

When designing effective exercises training prog. i.e to stimulate adaptation

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4
Q

Why account for exercise intensity?

A

To ensure we’ve got participants exposed to the same physiological demand.

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5
Q

What can obscure real differences in scientific experiments?

A

Intra + inter ind differences or variability in results.

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6
Q

Lactate threshold occurrence varies widely between ind.

Between what %

A

30-85% VO2 max

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7
Q

What are the 4 exercise intensity domains accepted by Burnley & Jones, 2007?

A

Moderate

Heavy

Severe

Extreme

– ONLY easily classifiable during constant work-rate exercise.

Intermittent exercise inv. dynamic transitions between the exercise intensity domains.

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8
Q

Burnley & Jones, 2007

Moderate exercise intensity

A

All intensities below the LT

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9
Q

Burnley & Jones, 2007

Heavy exercise intensity

A

Above LT + below max steady state

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10
Q

Burnley & Jones, 2007

Severe exercise intensity

A

Above max steady state

Achieving VO2 max

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11
Q

Burnley & Jones, 2007

Extreme exercise intensity

A

Exhaustion before VO2 max

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12
Q

What is the VO2 slow component?

A

A slow component

Evident after 2-3 mins

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13
Q

Where is the VO2 slow component found?

A

ONLY above the LT

i.e never during moderate intensity exercise

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14
Q

What happens to the V02 slow component during heavy intensity exercise?

A

Eventually levels off (steady state)

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15
Q

What happens to the V02 slow component during severe intensity exercise?

A

Projects to VO2 max

NO steady state

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16
Q

What happens to the V02 slow component during extreme intensity exercise?

A

Exercise in this domain isn’t typically long enough for the slow component to be determined.

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17
Q

What is the most likely explanation of the VO2 slow component?

A

That its related to additional fibres being recruited throughout exercise to replace those that have become fatigued.

These fibres are therefore contributing to forced prod + O2 requirement = resulting in continued drift upwards in the O2 uptake response.

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18
Q

What was the 1st study to provide direct evidence that type 2 fibre recruitment is associated with the VO2 slow component?

A

Krustup et al. 2004

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19
Q

Definition for cycling economy or gain

A

Amount of O2 its costing us relative to the work load

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20
Q

How is cycling economy or gain calculated?

A

Change in VO2 / change in work load

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21
Q

What is the lowest available power output on a standard ergometer?

A

20 Watts (even if the ergometer says 0)

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22
Q

How is change in work load calculated?

A

End power - Baseline power

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23
Q

Moderate exercise in its simplest description

A

All work rates below LT

Blood lactate is NOT elevated

VO2 ⬆️ at ~10ml/min/W

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24
Q

For how long can moderate exercise be continued for?

A

~4hrs

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25
Q

Reasons for fatigue in moderate exercise

A

Muscle glycogen depletion

Muscle damage

⬆️ core temp.

26
Q

HR in moderate exercise

A

Steady state attained w/in 3 mins

27
Q

Blood lactate in moderate exercise

A

Not elevated above baseline/resting values

28
Q

What happens w/ VO2 in heavy exercise intensity

A

After 2-3 mins VO2 continues to ⬆️ via the slow component

29
Q

What happens as the heavy exercise is conducted close to the lactate threshold?

A

The smaller the VO2 slow component

30
Q

What is crucial to remember about heavy exercise?

A

That even if exercise is completed to exhaustion, VO2 remains sub-maximal.

Steady state will be attained.

31
Q

What sports are performed predominantly w/in the heavy domain?

A

Many endurance events

Incl. marathon

32
Q

How long can heavy intensity exercise last if at a constant work rate?

A

~30-120 mins

33
Q

Causes of fatigue from heavy exercise intensity

A

Combination of metabolite accumulation + substrate availability

34
Q

HR in heavy exercise intensity

A

Delayed

Elevated to a steady state

35
Q

Blood lactate for heavy intensity exercise

A

Elevated above resting values but a SS is attained.

36
Q

Which is the ONLY domain in which VO2 max is attained?

A

Severe

37
Q

In severe exercise what causes the VO2 to reach its Max?

A

The VO2 slow component

38
Q

Do you see a steady state in severe exercise?

A

NO

39
Q

What are the 2 reasons for why exercise in the severe domain is unique?

A

Has a wide range of work rates for which VO2 max can be attained.

Exercise tolerance is limited but also predictable

40
Q

Duration for severe exercise intensity

A

2-~30 mins

41
Q

Fatigue in severe exercise intensity

A

PCr depletion

Accumulation of fatiguing metabolites (Pi, H+)

42
Q

HR in severe exercise intensity

A

No steady state

Continues to rise until max HR is achieved

43
Q

Blood lactate in severe exercise intensity

A

No steady state

Continues to rise until exhaustion

44
Q

Time to exhaustion for extreme exercise intensity domain

A

<90s

45
Q

Fatigue reasons for extreme exercise intensity

A

PCr depletion + accumulation of fatiguing metabolites

46
Q

HR for extreme exercise intensity

A

No steady state

Exercise stops before HR max is attained

47
Q

Blood lactate for extreme exercise intensity

A

No steady state

Value may be surprisingly low due to short duration of exercise

48
Q

What is a ‘step’ exercise test.

A

Refers to the way in which the load has been delivered.

Usually = an immediate ⬆️ in external workload from unloaded cycling to a higher power output, allowing us to track the responses of physiological variables as they adjust to the ⬆️ metabolic requirement.

49
Q

Why do we perform 3-minutes of ‘unloaded’ exercise prior to the addition of the load?

A

Allows perf to establish a ‘baseline’ in physiological variables.

Can then correctly calculate extents to which the variables have changed.

50
Q

Why do we select 6-minutes for the loaded exercise?

A

Should be long enough to determine the intensity domain from our physiological measures (except cases that are right on the borderline).

51
Q

What can cycling economy tell us?

A

Higher gain is usually indicative of participant being above LT, where we will encounter the O2 uptake SC (an additional oxygen cost associated with additional motor unit recruitment).

52
Q

How do we estimate the oxygen uptake slow component, and what does it indicate?

A

Value at end exercise - value at 3 mins of unloaded cycling.

Higher the number, the larger the slow component.

= Ind is consuming more O2 for a given work load than would have been predicted from the response to lower intensity exercise.

53
Q

Which exercise intensity domain(s) result in a steady state in oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate?

A

Moderate and heavy (with the latter being a delayed and elevated steady state)

54
Q

Which exercise intensity domain(s) result in the attainment of maximal oxygen uptake?

A

Severe - the only domain when completed to exhaustion which results maximal oxygen uptake.

55
Q

Why is it important to account for exercise intensity when designing scientific experiments?

A

The body responds differently to different exercise intensities, with different mechanisms explaining fatigue. Inter-individual differences in the physiological responses can confound the results of experiments.

56
Q

What underpins the variance in physiological responses at different intensities?

A

Occurrence of LT, GE threshold + MSS

57
Q

What will happen to muscle PCr levels after exhaustive exercise above the MSS?

A

Sig reduction compared to resting levels.

58
Q

What exercise would elicit the biggest reduction in muscle glycogen conc if it continued to exhaustion?

A

Exercise below LT

59
Q

What would we expect blood lactate levels to be at the end of 6-min of moderate exercise?

A

Equal to resting levels

60
Q

What is the upper boundary of the heavy domain?

A

Highest work rate where lactate stabilises.

E.P (9 decks)

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