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E.P > Altitude > Flashcards

Altitude Flashcards

1
Q

Low altitude height (m)

A

1250

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2
Q

Moderate altitude height (m)

A

1250-3000

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3
Q

High altitude height (m)

A

3000-6000

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4
Q

Severe altitude height (m)

A

6000+

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5
Q

Hypoxia

A

Inadequate supply of O2 to respiring tissue

Kent 1999

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6
Q

Link altitude + hypoxia

A

Altitude provides exposure to a hypoxic env.

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7
Q

What features come with a high altitude

A

⬇️ Ambient temp

⬆️ Solar radiation

⬇️ Barometric pressure

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8
Q

Define the change in barometric pressure

A

Higher = Less pressure due to less mass pushing down on top.

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9
Q

What % in the chemical make up of the air around us is always O2?

A

21%

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9
Q

Daltons law

A

Total pressure exerted = to the sum of the partial pressures of the ind gases

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10
Q

What happens to atmospheric pressure under daltons law

A

⬇️ at higher altitudes

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11
Q

Under Daltons law, what happens if atmospheric pressure drops?

A

Partial pressure will drop

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12
Q

% in ambient air

A

O2 = 21%

CO2 = 0.03%

N2 = 79%

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13
Q

What is barometric pressure at sea level

A

760mmHg

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14
Q

How is partial pressure calculated?

A

Fractional conc x total gas pressure

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15
Q

Normoxia

A

Normal O2 pressure

16
Q

Hyperoxia

A

High O2 pressure

17
Q

O2 cascade

A

Fall in PO2 ⬇️ driving pressure for GE in lungs + prod a cascade of effects to the level of the mit. (final destination of the O2)

18
Q

What happens to O2 saturation as altitude increases?

Why?

A

Decreases

Due to ⬇️ in cascade of O2 pressure

19
Q

Symptoms to acute mountain sickness

A

Headache

Nausea

Fatigue

20
Q

Causes to acute mountain sickness

A

Ascending faster than 500m/d

Exercise vigorously

21
Q

When might high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) occur?

A

After 2-3 days at altitude >2500m

Can be fatal within hours

22
Q

What is HAPE

A

Accumulation of fluid in lungs preventing air spaces from opening up + filling w/ fresh air w/ each breath

23
Q

Symptoms to HAPE

A

Excess fluid in lungs

Breathlessness

Fever

Coughing frothy spit

24
Q

Causes to HAPE

A

Ascending faster than 500m/d

Exercise vigorously

25
Q

What is High altitude cerebral oedema (HACE)

A

⬆️ in blood flow to brain in response to low O2 levels (normal) BUT

If blood vessels in brain are damaged, fluid may leak out + result in HACE

26
Q

What % of people get HACE above 3000m?

A

1%

27
Q

Symptoms to HACE

A

Severe headache

Coma

Vomiting

Confusion

28
Q

Causes to HACE

A

Ascending faster than 500m/d

Exercise vigorously

29
Q

How long does it take to adapt to altitudes up to 2300m?

A

2 weeks

Above that, 1 week for every 610m.

30
Q

Why does VO2 max decrease when we go to altitude?

A

⬆️ height = ⬇️ PO2 = ⬆️ ventilation + ⬇️ PP of arterial O2

⬆️ ventilation = ⬆️ CO2 removal –> Hypocapnea –> ⬇️ Ventilation (Eventually)
⬆️ ventilation = ⬆️ pH –> ⬆️ bicarbonate excretion –> ⬇️ SV

E.P (9 decks)

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