Anaerobic Performance

Question 1

What happens to our stored PCR at the onset of light intensity exercise?

Answer 1

Consumed to a level commensurate w/ intensity of exercise

Question 2

Following a 30s all-out sprint, how much would PCr be expected to recover in 15-minutes (as a % of resting values)?

Answer 2

100%

Question 3

What is a potent stimulus for an increase in aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

ADP conc.

Question 4

Which muscle fibres are more adept at consuming PCR?

Answer 4

Type 2

Question 5

What test did Vanhatalo and Jones (2009) use to examine the impact of prior exercise on the power profile of very high intensity exercise?

Answer 5

3-min all-out test

Question 6

What did Kindig et al 2005 investigate

Answer 6

Impact of the inhibition of creatine kinase on muscle performance

Question 7

What are the 2 high-energy phosphates stored WITHIN muscles?

Answer 7

ATP

PCr

Question 8

How many moles of ATP and PCr does 1kg of skeletal muscle store?

Answer 8

5 mmol ATP

15 mmol PCr

Question 9

Which enzyme triggers PCr hydrolysis to resynthesize ATP in order to regulate phosphagen breakdown rate?

Answer 9

Creatine kinase

Question 10

During intense exercise, what provides as the energy source to phosphorylate ADP during anaerobic glycogenolysis to form lactate?

Answer 10

Intramuscular stored glycogen

Question 11

What prevents “net” lactate build up?

Answer 11

Removal by heart muscle + nonactive skeletal muscle.

Question 12

For a healthy, untrained person, when does blood lactate begin to accumulate + rise in an exponential manner?

Answer 12

At about 50-55% of max capacity of aerobic metabolism.

Question 13

What factors are related to ones lactate threshold?

Answer 13

Tissue O2

Glycolysis

Fast-twitch muscle fibres

Lactate removal

Question 14

Equation for the ON-SET / START of exercise

Answer 14

ATP –> ADP + Pi + energy

Question 15

Equation for the OFF-SET/REDUCTION in exercise intensity

Answer 15

PCr + ADP –> Cr + ATP

Question 16

What is the 1st system to ALWAYS respond when theres an increase in energy requirement due an an increase in exercise intensity?

Answer 16

ATP-PCr system

Question 17

How is the replenishment of ATP achieved?

Answer 17

Through the breakdown of PCr

Question 18

To how much can a max 6s all out sprint reduce PCr?

Answer 18

To 35-55% of resting levels

• Complete recovery can take 2-5mins.

Question 19

How is the recovery of PCr levels quicker in young and healthy individuals and in endurance athletes?

Answer 19

As the recovery takes place through AEROBIC pathways

Question 20

How are the recoveries of power output and PCr resyntehsis similar?

Answer 20

Their recovery follows a similar time course.

Question 21

What is peak power output during all out exercise dependent on?

Answer 21

Intramuscular PCr content

Question 22

What is a key determinant of the work capacity during all-out exercise?

Answer 22

Intramuscular PCr

Question 23

Which athletes tend to have a lower fatigue index?

Answer 23

Endurance athletes a.k.a those with lots of type 1 fibres

Question 24

What does a fatigue index show

Answer 24

Diff between peak + min power

Question 25

What does it mean if an individual has a low fatigue index

Answer 25

Means theres less of a difference between peak + min power.

Question 26

What is the Wingate Anaerobic Power test designed to measure?

Answer 26

The high-intensity anaerobic component of energy transfer.

Question 27

What does the computer software calculate in the Wingate anaerobic power test?

Answer 27

Power output

Max value

Average over the 30 secs

Question 28

What do inter-individual variations in the % change in peak power in the 1 min bout indicate?

Answer 28

Differences in rates of PCr resynthesis - those who had recovered more have a better maintenance of peak power.

Question 29

Assuming Pcr has completely recovered in the 10 min bouts, what are potential explanations for the reduced peak power in some individuals in this condition?

Answer 29

Accumulation of metabolites implicated with fatigue, that have potentially had an impact on muscle function (H+, and Pi).

Question 30

What are the explanations for an increased peak power in some individuals in the 10 min condition?

Answer 30

The priming (warm-up) effect - likely alterations in enzyme activity resulting in an alleviation of metabolic inertia at the onset of exercise.

+ there could be a bigger + more uniformed recruitment of muscle contributing force production at exercise onset.

Question 31

What are potential explanations in min power changes in the 1 min bout vs the 10 min bout?

Answer 31

1 min bout would have had lower PCr + pot. greater amount of H+ + Pi.

10 min bout would likely be underpinned by factors affecting muscle function, or red. in muscle glycogen that would have occurred following the 1st bout.

Question 32

What insight does the fatigue index provide into an individual’s physiology? (i.e. what do greater or smaller values for F.I indicate?)

Answer 32

Greater values = usually ind who are ‘anaerobically’ trained- have a higher peak, but a more pronounced drop off in power.

Smaller peak = Endurance trained athletes but better able to maintain power throughout test = less of a diff between max + min powers.