Exercise and mental health - Paper 3(sport)

Question 1

Kennedy and Newton

Answer 1

Mood on POMS improved after aerobics class regardless of intensity

Question 2

Explanations for improved mood

Answer 2

Peluso
Distraction hypothesis
Social interaction hypothesis
Dopamine or monoamine hypothesis

Question 3

Lewis et al background

Answer 3

Research about effect of exercise on mood
Strong links between PD and depression

Question 4

Lewis et al research method

Answer 4

Experiment
Mixed design - matched pairs and repeated measures

Question 5

Lewis et al IV/DV

Answer 5

IVs - whether or not ppts had PD; cycle time
Long cycle being week 1 vs week 12 and short cycle being before vs after class
DV - ppt’s mood scores

Question 6

Lewis et al sample

Answer 6

37 ppts between 50 and 80
22 PD, 15 not
Age matched
Self selected

Question 7

POMS/BRUMS

Answer 7

POMS - used to measure long cycle time
64 item mood scale
Also produces TMD (Total Mood Disturbance)
BRUMS - used to measure short cycle time
Shortened version of POMS

Question 8

Lewis et al procedure

Answer 8

Tested on mood (POMS) and mental state before beginning classes
Ten weekly classes - style changed every two weeks
ie Bollywood, tango, cheerleading
BRUMS given before and after class on week 9
POMS given again after all classes finished

Question 9

Lewis et al results

Answer 9

Long cycle time - significant reduction in mood disturbance in all ppts
Anger decreased most, also anxiety-tension
Short cycle time - TMD scores improved from baseline
Improvements in vigour and anxiety-tension

Question 10

Lewis et al conclusions

Answer 10

Dance interventions have physical benefits for the elderly, especially those with PD
Dance can help improve mood and reduce anger in the elderly, especially those with PD
Exercise, including dance, can improve mood

Question 11

Lewis et al applications

Answer 11

Strategy to improve mental health - aerobic exercise ie dance, CV workouts