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AGRI 21 LAB - ANIMAL SCIENCE > EXERCISE 9 > Flashcards

EXERCISE 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

first consideration in feed quality control

A

quality of feed ingredients / raw materials

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2
Q

involves examination of raw materials / feed ingredients with naked eye (color, odor, texture, dampness, presence of adulterant, presence of mold, and insect infestation)

A

physical evaluation

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3
Q

study of appearance of feed samples and/or adulterant under the stereomicroscope

A

feed microscopy

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4
Q

substances / impurities of cheaper value and low quality that are intentionally added to feeds to change its physical/chemical characs; add bulk or weight

A

adulterants

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5
Q

(adulterant) used to increase feed weight

A

fine sand

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6
Q

(adulterant) has high gross content but low digestible energy content due to high amount of cellulose

A

saw dust

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7
Q

is indigestible to monogastric animals due to absence of endogenous cellulase

A

cellulose

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8
Q

(adulterant) also contain high amount of cellulose (same with saw dust)

A

corn cobs

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9
Q

(adulterant) contains high amount of cellulose and lignin which is also indigestible to monogastric animals

A

rice hull

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10
Q

(chemical evaluation) most extensively used method for determination of nutritive value of feeds (moisture, ether extract, crude fiber, crude protein, ash, and NFE)

A

proximate analysis / Weende method

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11
Q

(proximate analysis) determined by weighing finely ground sample before and after drying it to constant weight at 105C (overnight); all substances that volatize at this temp represent _____ content of sample

A

moisture

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12
Q

apparatus for proximate analysis of moisture

A

oven

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13
Q

(proximate analysis) sum of all ether-soluble materials; this residue is fat and fatty acid esters, but includes all ether-soluble substances (waxes, essential oils and pigments)

A

ether extract (crude fat)

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14
Q

apparatus for ether extract (crude fat)

A

soxhlet apparatus

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15
Q

(proximate analysis) rough measure of portion of carbs that is poorly utilized by monogastric animals; measured as loss in ignition at 550C for 4 hours; composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin

A

crude fiber

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16
Q

apparatus used to get crude fiber

A

refluxing unit

17
Q

(proximate analysis) computed as total nitrogen content of sample multiplied by 6.25. formula is %N*6.25.

A

crude protein

18
Q

process for CP that involves sample digestion, distillation, and titration

A

Kjeldahl method

19
Q

apparatus used for crude protein

A

Kjeldahl apparatus

20
Q

(proximate analysis) estimate of inorganic content of feed sample; involves igniting sample in furnace that burns all OM to CO2 and H20; residue remaining after combustion represents it

A

ash (mineral content)

21
Q

apparatus used for ash (mineral content)

A

mineral furnace

22
Q

(proximate analysis) represents sun of remaining undetermined portions of feed and is meant to represent more digestible portions; only one determined by calculation; formula is = 100 - (moisture+ash+crude protein+crude fat+crude fiber)

A

Nitrogen-free extract

23
Q

(microbial evaluation / microbiological assay) used to determine presence of salmonella spp. and mycotoxin-producing fungi (aspergillus and fusarium in feeds)

A

microbiological tests

24
Q

(microbial evaluation / microbiological assay) most widespread and best known of all mycotoxins

A

aflatoxins

25
Q

(microbial evaluation / microbiological assay) in feeds may cause poor growth rate, poor feed deficiency, liver diseases, increased mortality, pale egg yolk color, and reduced egg shell strength

A

mycotoxins

26
Q

in a routine microbiological test, the first analytical procedure is the __________________ that does not distinguish the types of mycotoxins; used for a quick determination to see whether the problem exists

A

pass / fail test

27
Q

confirmatory procedures employed such as ________________ or _______________ when necessary

A

thin layer chromatography (TLC) or high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)

28
Q

in biological evaluation,

A

feeding trial; digestion; metabolism trial

AGRI 21 LAB - ANIMAL SCIENCE (8 decks)

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