EXERCISE 8 Flashcards
True or False: Feed cost accounts for 60% of the total expenses in livestock and poultry production
False; Should be 80%
True or False: Feeds do not only affect farm productivity but also impact farm profitability.
True
any material grown/developed to be fed to livestock and poultry to support/sustain life; _____ can be used interchangeably with it
feeds/feedstuff
(classif of feeds) contains more than 18% crude fiber and low in energy content (less than 60% TDN); for ruminants and herbivorous monogastrics
roughages
(classif of feeds) high in energy content (more than 60% TDN) and low in crude fiber (<18%); for monogastric
concentrates
(classif of feeds) mixed with primary roughage to provide all nutrients required to support form of production to which it is intended
supplements
non-nutritive substances added in feed for specific purposes such as enzymes, probiotics, acidifiers
feed additives
belongs to Poaceae fam (form. Gramineae); 6-10% CP and <0/9% calcium content
grass
(grass) presence of trichomes in nodes
guinea grass
(grass) presence of trichomes in whole culm
para grass
(grass) rough leaves (no trichomes in culm)
napier grass
(grass) presence of roots at nodes
star grass
(grass) presence of trichomes at nodes
alabang X
belongs to Fabaceae fam; 10.5% CP or higher and >0.9% calcium content; have nitrogen-fixing bacteria
legumes (madre de cacao, ipil-ipil, centrosema, moringa, forage peanut, stylosanthes, rensoni, calopo)
contain variable amount of nutrients but exceptionally high in energy; include cereal gainsm milling by-products, processed tubers, fats and oils, and some considered as misc. feeds
energy feeds
(energy feed) is the entire corn kernel ground or chopped
ground corn
(energy feed) entire wheat kernel including hulls
wheat grain/feed wheat
(energy feed) include hegari, kafir, milo grains and others
sorghum grains(energy feed)
(energy feed) composed mainly of pericarp or layer of rice and germ that removed from rice grains in its manufacture
rice bran
(energy feed) a.k.a tapioca or manioc; produced from ground sliced and dried cassava tubers
cassava meal
(energy feed) contains anti-nutiritonal factor hydrocyanic (HCN) or prussic acid that can be destroyed by proper drying
fresh tubers
concentrates with 20%CP or higher
protein feeds
from end-products of meat packaging, dairy processing, and marine industries (tankage and meat meal (pork meal) scraps)
animal protein feeds
obtained from clean, dried, ground tissues of undecomposed whole fish/cuttings with/out extraction of oil
fishmeal
derived from end-products of oil extraction from a group of seeds
plant protein feeds
by-product obtained by grinding cake of flakes which remain after extraction of oil from soybean seeds
soybean meal / soybean oil mean / soya meal
produced by extrusion of whole soybean seeds, w/o removal of any of its components
full-fat soybean meal / extruded soybean meal
by-product obtained after extraction of oil from dried coconut meat
copra meal / coconut oil meal / coconut meat meal
these are concentrated sources of 1 or more
feed supplements
(food supplement) carrying large amounts of one or more pure amino acids, to make up for an amino acid deficiency; produced by bacterial fermentation and exist as optical isomers (as either D- or L-amino acids DL-methionine, L-lysine and L-threonine)
synthetic amino acids
rich in one or more of the inorganic elements needed to perform certain essential body functions
mineral supplements
(mineral supplement) primary source of calcium in animal diets
limestone
(mineral supplement) is a phosphorous source
monocalcium phosphate
(mineral supplement) source of sodium and chlorine
salt / common table salt
(mineral supplement) mixture of trace minerals and formulated to provide animal requirements in diet at recom rate
mineral premix
organic substances required by animals in very small amounts for regulating body processes toward normal health, growth, production, and reproduction
vitamin supplements
(vitamin supplement) mixture of diff. vitamins and formulated to provide animal reqs in diet at recom rate
vitamin premix
non-nutritive substances that when added to diet may improve performance and feed efficiency of livestock and poultry
feed additives
(fat soluble = transformed vitamin supplement) from beta-carotine
vit A
(fat soluble = transformed vitamin supplement) for calcium absorption
vit D
(fat soluble = transformed vitamin supplement) anti-oxidant and cell regeneration
vit. E
(fat soluble = transformed vitamin supplement) for blood clotting
vit K
(water soluble vitamin supplement) b complex
vit B
(water soluble vitamin supplement) ascorbic acid and immune system
vit C
insoluble carb fraction consisting primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (found in wood)
crude fiber
relative energy value of a feed; sum of digestible protein, fiber, fat, NFE (nitrogen-free extract)
total digestible nutrients (TDN)
fresh herbage cut and chopped in the field and fed to animals in confinement
soilage
fermented forage stored under anaerobic conditions in a silo (use green chops / dry with moisture maintained at 60-65%)
silage
forage/roughage harvested during growing period and preserved by drying for later use
hay
plant parts left in field after harvesting primary crop such as corn stover and rice straw
crop residues
