EXERCISE 4 - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards
mechanical and chemical breakdown of feed
digestion
seizing and conveying of feed into the mouth
prehension
mechanical breakdown of feed into finer particles. importance in: a. finely divided feed has greater surface area for digestive enzymes; b. be well mixed with saliva that facilitates swallowing
mastification or chewing
mixing of feed with the saliva
insalivation
(in ruminants) formation of balls of feed out of the masticated feed particles
bolus formation
(in ruminants) chewing the cud; permits animal to ingest feed rapidly, then complete chewing at a later time
rumination
for prehension, mastication, and insalivation; may also serve as defensive / offensive weapon; in ruminants, used for bolus formation
mouth and buccal cavity
common passage for feed and air; air crosses this to enter larynx while feed crosses this to enter esophagus
pharynx
muscular tube connecting stomach to mouth
esophagus
(in poultry) invagination of esophagus and the temporary storage of food
crop
muscular organ site for feed storage, grinding and mixing of feed, absorption, enzymatic action and microbial fermentation
stomach
site of further digestion and absorption of certain products from stomach digestion
small intestine
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
site of water absorption, storage of waste material, and bacterial digestion of fiber (cecum and colon are parts of this)
large intestine
provide mucus which aid in swallowing process. in some animals, it contains the enzyme pytalin
salivary glands
produces digestive enzymes needed in digestive processes that take place in small intestine
pancreas
secretes bile needed for emulsification of fat in small intestine
liver
(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) animals with one compartment stomach
monogastric or simple-stomach animals
(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) such as horse have functional cecum that utilize roughages as nutrient resources; aka hindgut fermenters
herbivorous monogastrics
(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) for poultry species; has gizzard, crop, and proventiculus
modified simple stomach
poultry species, for mixing and grinding feed
gizzard / ventriculus
poultry species, secretion of gastric enzymes for digestion
proventriculus
have a four-compartment stomach
ruminants or compound stomach animals
(part of compound stomach) main site of microbial fermentation of feeds
rumen
(part of compound stomach) regulates passage of feed from rumen to succeeding compartments; aids in regurgitation of feed back to mouth; also a site of microbial fermentation
reticulum
(part of compound stomach) further grinds and reduces feed into finer particles before it enters abomasum
omasum
(part of compound stomach) true stomach of ruminants; glandular and has similar functions as that of the monogastric stomach
abomasum
