EXERCISE 4 - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Question 1

mechanical and chemical breakdown of feed

Answer 1

digestion

Question 2

seizing and conveying of feed into the mouth

Answer 2

prehension

Question 3

mechanical breakdown of feed into finer particles. importance in: a. finely divided feed has greater surface area for digestive enzymes; b. be well mixed with saliva that facilitates swallowing

Answer 3

mastification or chewing

Question 4

mixing of feed with the saliva

Answer 4

insalivation

Question 5

(in ruminants) formation of balls of feed out of the masticated feed particles

Answer 5

bolus formation

Question 6

(in ruminants) chewing the cud; permits animal to ingest feed rapidly, then complete chewing at a later time

Answer 6

rumination

Question 7

for prehension, mastication, and insalivation; may also serve as defensive / offensive weapon; in ruminants, used for bolus formation

Answer 7

mouth and buccal cavity

Question 8

common passage for feed and air; air crosses this to enter larynx while feed crosses this to enter esophagus

Answer 8

pharynx

Question 9

muscular tube connecting stomach to mouth

Answer 9

esophagus

Question 10

(in poultry) invagination of esophagus and the temporary storage of food

Answer 10

crop

Question 11

muscular organ site for feed storage, grinding and mixing of feed, absorption, enzymatic action and microbial fermentation

Answer 11

stomach

Question 12

site of further digestion and absorption of certain products from stomach digestion

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 13

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 14

site of water absorption, storage of waste material, and bacterial digestion of fiber (cecum and colon are parts of this)

Answer 14

large intestine

Question 15

provide mucus which aid in swallowing process. in some animals, it contains the enzyme pytalin

Answer 15

salivary glands

Question 16

produces digestive enzymes needed in digestive processes that take place in small intestine

Answer 16

pancreas

Question 17

secretes bile needed for emulsification of fat in small intestine

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) animals with one compartment stomach

Answer 18

monogastric or simple-stomach animals

Question 19

(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) such as horse have functional cecum that utilize roughages as nutrient resources; aka hindgut fermenters

Answer 19

herbivorous monogastrics

Question 20

(type of animal accdg to structure of stomach) for poultry species; has gizzard, crop, and proventiculus

Answer 20

modified simple stomach

Question 21

poultry species, for mixing and grinding feed

Answer 21

gizzard / ventriculus

Question 22

poultry species, secretion of gastric enzymes for digestion

Answer 22

proventriculus

Question 23

have a four-compartment stomach

Answer 23

ruminants or compound stomach animals

Question 24

(part of compound stomach) main site of microbial fermentation of feeds

Answer 24

rumen

Question 25

(part of compound stomach) regulates passage of feed from rumen to succeeding compartments; aids in regurgitation of feed back to mouth; also a site of microbial fermentation

Answer 25

reticulum

Question 26

(part of compound stomach) further grinds and reduces feed into finer particles before it enters abomasum

Answer 26

omasum

Question 27

(part of compound stomach) true stomach of ruminants; glandular and has similar functions as that of the monogastric stomach

Answer 27

abomasum