Exercise 5: Integumentary System (Lab) Flashcards
Composed of epithelial tissue
Outer epidermis
Connective tissue that is firmly attached to the epidermis by a basement membrane
Deep dermis
Another layer found immediately beneath the skin but it is not a part of the skin
Hypodermis
Also refereed as subcutaneous or Sub-Q
Hypodermis
Stratas of the epidermis
Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale
Outermost layer of the skin
Stratum corneum
Consists of 25 to 30 or more layers of dead squamous cells
Stratum corneum
Layers of dead squamous cells
Keratinocytes
Waterproof, tough, and continuously undergoes sloughing off
Stratum corneum
Contains three to five rows of dead, flat keratinocytes, dying keratinocytes
Stratum granulosum
No dividing cells found in this layer
Stratum granulosum
Composed of eight to 10 rows of cells which are mainly keratinocytes
Stratum spinosum
Often seen with thorn-like projections caused by the process of tissue preparation in stained slides
Stratum spinosum
Deepest layer of the epidermis
Stratum basale / stratum germinativum
Made up of a single row of cells attached to the basement membrane
Stratum basale
Cells actively undergo Mitotic division to form new keratinocytes
Stratum basale
Made up of the papillary and reticular layers
Dermis
Composed of areoles connective tissue
Dermis
Finger-like projections in the papillary layer that extend to the epidermis
Dermal papillae
Deeper and much thicker region of the dermis
Reticular layer
Composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Reticular layer
Provide the skin with strength and elasticity respectively
Collagen fibers and elastic fibers
Accessory structures associated with the skin
Hair, nails, and skin glands
Superficial portion of the hair
Shaft
Projects from the surface of the skin
Hair shaft
Found deep into the shaft and penetrates the dermis and sometimes the hypodermis
Hair root
Three layers of the hair and the hair root
Inner medulla
Middle cortex
Outer cuticle
Composed of keratinized, tightly packed epidermal cells that cover the dorsal surface of the distal portion of each digit
Nails
Visible portion of the nail
Nail body
Portion of the nail that extends past the digit
Free edge
Part that is embedded in the fold of the skin
Nail root
Half moon whitish proximal area of the nail
Lunula
Beneath the free edge which secures the nail
Hyponychium
Narrow band of epidermis that adheres to the nail
Eponychium
Equipped with different kinds of exocrine glands
Skin
Different kinds of exocrine glands
Mammary glands
ceruminous glands
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
Also called sudoriferous glands
Sweat glands
Two types of sweat glands
Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands
Most common than apocrine sweat glands
Eccrine sweat glands
Appear as simple coiled tubular glands which number around 3000 per square inch and produce about 600 ml of sweat per day
Eccrine sweat glands
They were once thought to release their secretions by pinching off a portion of their cytoplasm
Apocrine glands
Release their secretions via exocytosis which is characteristic of merocrine glands
Apocrine glands
Secretions of apocrine gland
Cold sweat
Human skin is composed of two distinct regions
Outer epidermis
Inner dermis