Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOSCI > Chapter 3: Cell Structures and Their Functions > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Cell Structures and Their Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized structures

A

Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organelle containing the cell’s genetic material

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Living material that surrounding the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cytoplam is enclosed by

A

Cell membrane or plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basic living unit of all organisms

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contains genetic material of cell (DNA) and nucleoli

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Site of RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Has many ribosomes attached; site of protein synthesis

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Site of lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Modifies protein structure and packages proteins secretory vesicles

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contains materials produced in the cell; formed by the Golgi apparatus;secreted by exocytosis

A

Secretory vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contains enzyme that digest material taken into the cell

A

Lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Site of aerobic respiration and major site of ATP synthesis

A

Mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Supports cytoplasm; assists in cell division and forms components of cilia and flagella

A

Microtubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division

A

Centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Move substances over surfaces of certain cells

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Propel sperm cells

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Increase surface area of certain cells

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functions of the cell

A

Cell metabolism and energy use
Synthesis of molecules
Communication
Reproduction and inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chemical reactions that occur within cells are collectively called

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Outermost component of a cell

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Encloses the cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material inside the cell and material outside it

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Substances outside the cell

A

Extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Substances inside the cell

A

Intercellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Acts as a selective barrier that determines what moves into and out of the cell

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Major molecules that make up the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Model of structure of the cell membrane

A

Fluid mosaic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Form a double layer of molecules

A

Phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hydrophilic (water loving) and therefore face the extracellular and intracellular fluids of the cell

A

Polar, phosphate containing ends of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hydrophobic (water fearing) and therefore face away from the fluid on either side of the membrane

A

Nonpolar, fatty acid ends of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Forms a lipid barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

A

Double layer of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Involved with the movement of substances through the cell membrane

A

Membrane channels and carrier molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Part of an intercellular communication system that enables cell recognition and coordination of the activities of cells

A

Receptor molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Allow some substances, but not others, to pass into or out of the cells

A

Selectively permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Does not require the cell to expend energy

A

Passive membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Does require the cells to expend energy, usually in the form of atp

A

Active membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

A

Passive membrane transport mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Include active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

A

Active membrane transport mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Composed of one or more substances

A

Solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Substances

A

Solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Predominant Iiquid or gas

A

Solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Move from an area of higher concentration of a solute to an area of lower concentration of that same solute In solution

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points

A

Concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Major molecules that make up the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Model of structure of the cell membrane

A

Fluid mosaic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Form a double layer of molecules

A

Phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Hydrophilic (water loving) and therefore face the extracellular and intracellular fluids of the cell

A

Polar, phosphate containing ends of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Hydrophobic (water fearing) and therefore face away from the fluid on either side of the membrane

A

Nonpolar, fatty acid ends of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Forms a lipid barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

A

Double layer of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Involved with the movement of substances through the cell membrane

A

Membrane channels and carrier molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Part of an intercellular communication system that enables cell recognition and coordination of the activities of cells

A

Receptor molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Allow some substances, but not others, to pass into or out of the cells

A

Selectively permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Does not require the cell to expend energy

A

Passive membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Does require the cells to expend energy, usually in the form of atp

A

Active membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

A

Passive membrane transport mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Include active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

A

Active membrane transport mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Composed of one or more substances

A

Solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Substances

A

Solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Predominant Iiquid or gas

A

Solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Move from an area of higher concentration of a solute to an area of lower concentration of that same solute In solution

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points

A

Concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Contains genetic material of cell (DNA) and nucleoli

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Site of RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Has many ribosomes attached; site of protein synthesis

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Site of lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Modifies protein structure and packages proteins secretory vesicles

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Contains materials produced in the cell; formed by the Golgi apparatus;secreted by exocytosis

A

Secretory vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Contains enzyme that digest material taken into the cell

A

Lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Site of aerobic respiration and major site of ATP synthesis

A

Mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Supports cytoplasm; assists in cell division and forms components of cilia and flagella

A

Microtubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division

A

Centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Move substances over surfaces of certain cells

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Propel sperm cells

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Increase surface area of certain cells

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Functions of the cell

A

Cell metabolism and energy use
Synthesis of molecules
Communication
Reproduction and inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Chemical reactions that occur within cells are collectively called

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Outermost component of a cell

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Encloses the cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material inside the cell and material outside it

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Substances outside the cell

A

Extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Substances inside the cell

A

Intercellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Acts as a selective barrier that determines what moves into and out of the cell

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Major molecules that make up the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Model of structure of the cell membrane

A

Fluid mosaic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Form a double layer of molecules

A

Phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Hydrophilic (water loving) and therefore face the extracellular and intracellular fluids of the cell

A

Polar, phosphate containing ends of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Hydrophobic (water fearing) and therefore face away from the fluid on either side of the membrane

A

Nonpolar, fatty acid ends of phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Forms a lipid barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

A

Double layer of phospholipids

90
Q

Involved with the movement of substances through the cell membrane

A

Membrane channels and carrier molecules

91
Q

Part of an intercellular communication system that enables cell recognition and coordination of the activities of cells

A

Receptor molecules

92
Q

Allow some substances, but not others, to pass into or out of the cells

A

Selectively permeable

93
Q

Does not require the cell to expend energy

A

Passive membrane transport

94
Q

Does require the cells to expend energy, usually in the form of atp

A

Active membrane transport

95
Q

Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

A

Passive membrane transport mechanism

96
Q

Include active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

A

Active membrane transport mechanism

97
Q

Composed of one or more substances

A

Solution

98
Q

Substances

A

Solutes

99
Q

Predominant Iiquid or gas

A

Solvent

100
Q

Move from an area of higher concentration of a solute to an area of lower concentration of that same solute In solution

A

Diffusion

101
Q

Difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points

A

Concentration gradient

102
Q

location of ribosomes

A

in cytoplasm

103
Q

location of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

in cytoplasm

104
Q

location of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

in cytoplasm

105
Q

location of golgi apparatus

A

in cytoplasm

106
Q

location of secretory vesicle

A

in cytoplasm

107
Q

location of lysosome

A

in cytoplasm

108
Q

location of mitochondrion

A

in cytoplasm

109
Q

location of microtubule

A

in cytoplasm

110
Q

location of cilia

A

on cell surface with many on each cell

111
Q

location of flagella

A

on sperm cell with one per cell

112
Q

location of microvili

A

extensions of cell surface with many on each cell

113
Q

constantly allow ions to pass through

A

leak channels

114
Q

limit movement of ions across the membrane by opening and closing

A

gated channels

115
Q

diffusion of water (a solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane, from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration

A

osmosis

116
Q

force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

osmotic pressure

117
Q

measure of the tendency of a water to move by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane

A

osmotic pressure

118
Q

moves water out of the tube back into the distilled water

A

hydrostatic pressure

119
Q

solution usually has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell

A

hypotonic

120
Q

water moves by osmosis into the cell, causing it to swell

A

lysis

121
Q

concentrations of various solutes and water are the same on both sides of the cell membrane

A

hypertonic

122
Q

solution usually has higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell

A

hypertonic

123
Q

cell shrinkage

A

crenation

124
Q

proteins within the cell membrane are involved in carrier- mediated transport mechanism, which move large, water-soluble molecules or electrically charged ions across the cell membrance

A

carrier molecules

125
Q

only specific molecules are transported by the carriers

A

specificity

126
Q

Three kinds of carrier mediated transport

A

facilitated diffusion, active transport, and secondary active transport

127
Q

carrier mediated transport process that moves substances across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower conentration

A

facilitated diffusion

128
Q

carrier mediated process that moves substances across the cell membrane from reqions of lower concentration to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient

A

active transport

129
Q

moves Na+ out of cells and K= into cells

A

sodium potassium pump

130
Q

active transport of one substance, such as Na+ across the cell membrane, establishing a concentration gradient

A

secondary active transport

131
Q

diffusing substance moves in the same direction as the transported substance

A

cotransport

132
Q

membrane bound sacs

A

vesicles

133
Q

uptake of material through the cell membrane by the formation of a vesicle

A

endocytosis

134
Q

specific substance binds to the receptor molecule, endocytosis is triggered, and the substance is transported into the cells

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

135
Q

used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

A

phagocytosis

136
Q

distinguished from phagocytosis in that much smaller vesicle are formed, and they contain liquid rather than particles

A

pinocytosis

137
Q

accumulate materials for release from the cell

A

secretory vesicles

138
Q

material in the vesicle is eliminated from the cell

A

exocytosis

139
Q

large organelle located near the center of the cell

A

nucleus

140
Q

consists of outer and inner membranes with a narrow space between them

A

nuclear envelope

141
Q

materials can pass in or out of the nucleus

A

nuclear pores

142
Q

nuclei of human cells contain 23 pairs of

A

chromosomes

143
Q

the chromosome that are largely coiled and collectively called

A

chromatin

144
Q

little nucleus

A

nucleoli

145
Q

different fuse bodies with no surrounding membrane that are found within the nucleus

A

nucleoli

146
Q

produced within the nucleolus, to form large and small ribosomal subunits

A

ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA)

147
Q

organelles where proteins are produced

A

ribosomes

148
Q

ribosomes that are not attached to any other organelle

A

free ribosomes

149
Q

series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum

150
Q

ER with ribosomes attatched to it

A

Rough ER

151
Q

ER without ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

152
Q

site for lipid synthesis and participates in detoxification of chemicals within cells

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

153
Q

stores calcium cells (skeletal muscle cells)

A

Smooth ER

154
Q

consists of closely packed stacks of curved, membrane-bound sacs

A

Golgi Apparatus

155
Q

collects modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the ER

A

Golgi Apparatus

156
Q

small, membrane-bound sac that transports or stores materials within cells

A

vesicle

157
Q

membrane-bound vesicles formed from the Golgi Apparatus

A

lysosomes

158
Q

contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems

A

Lysosomes

159
Q

small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisomes

160
Q

small organelles with inner and outer membranes separated by a space

A

mitochondria

161
Q

folds in the mitochondria

A

cristae

162
Q

major site of adenosine triphosphate production within cells

A

mitochondria

163
Q

consists of proteins that support the cell, hold organelles in place and enable the cell to change shape

A

cytoskeleton

164
Q

hollow structures formed from protein subunits

A

microtubules

165
Q

perforrm variety of roles, such as helping support the cytoplasm of cells, assisting in cell division, and forming essential component of certain organelles such as cilia and flagella

A

microtubules

166
Q

small fibrils formed from protein subunits that structurally support the cytoplasm

A

microfilaments

167
Q

fibrils formed from protein subunits that are smaller in diameter than microtubules but larger in diameter than microfilamets

A

intermediate filaments

168
Q

specialized zone of cytoplasm close to the nucleus, where microtubule formation occurs

A

centrosome

169
Q

small, cylindrical, organelle composed of nine triplets

A

centrioles

170
Q

composed of microtubules, organized in a pattern similar to that of centrioles

A

cilia

171
Q

structure similar to that of cilia but are much longer

A

flagella

172
Q

propels the sperm cell

A

flagella

173
Q

specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments but they do not actively move as cilia and flagella do

A

microvili

174
Q

increase the surface area of those cells

A

microvili

175
Q

DNA contains the information that directs protein synthesis

A

gene expression

176
Q

consists of nucleotides joined together to form two nucleotides strands

A

DNA molecule

177
Q

function as chemical letters that form chemical “words”

A

nucleotides

178
Q

sequence of nucleotides that provides a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein

A

gene

179
Q

gene expression involves two steps

A

transcription

translation

180
Q

making a copy of the gene necessary to make a particular protein

A

transcription

181
Q

changing of something from one form to another

A

translation

182
Q

copy of gene necessary to make a particular protein

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

183
Q

travels from the nucleus to the ribososmes in the cytoplasm, where information in the copy is used to construct a protein by means of translation

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

184
Q

carry amino acids to the ribosomes

A

transfer RNAs (tRNAs)

185
Q

each nucleotide of DNA contains one

A

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine

186
Q

each nucleotide of mRNA contains

A

uracil
adenine
cytosine
guanine

187
Q

synthesis of proteins based on the information in mRNA, occurs at the ribosomes

A

translation

188
Q

series of three nucleotides of tRNA, pairs with the codon of mRNA

A

anticodon

189
Q

enzyme associated with the ribosomes causes the formation of

A

peptide bond

190
Q

cell cycle includes two major phases

A

nondividing phase, called interphase

dividing phase

191
Q

at the end of ___________, a cell has two complete sets of genetic material

A

interphase

192
Q

formation of daughter cells from a single parent cell

A

Cell division

193
Q

chromosomes if the person is female

A

2 X chromosomes

194
Q

chromosomes if the person is male

A

an X chromosome and a Y chromosome

195
Q

remaining 22 chromosomes

A

autosomes

196
Q

cells of the body, except those that give rise to sex cells divide by

A

mitosis

197
Q

parent cell divides to form two daughter cells with the same amount and type of DNA as the parent cell

A

mitosis

198
Q

four stages off mitosis

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

199
Q

chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes

A

prophase

200
Q

identical strands of chromatin

A

chromatids

201
Q

specialized region at the center part

A

centromere

202
Q

microtubules call spindle fibers extend from the centrioles to the centromeres

A

prophase

203
Q

centrioles divide and migrate to each pole of the cell

A

prophase

204
Q

nucleolus and nuclear envelope disapppear

A

late prophase

205
Q

chromosomes align near the center of the cell

A

metaphase

206
Q

at he beginning the chromatids separate. When this happens each chromatid is then called a chromosome

A

anaphase

207
Q

at this point two identical sets of 46 chromosomes are present in the cell

A

anaphase

208
Q

each of the two sets of 46 chromosomes is moved by the spindle fibers toward the centriole at one of the poles of the cell

A

anaphase

209
Q

at the end of _______ , each set of chromosomes has reached an opposite pole of the cell , and the cytoplasm begins to divide

A

anaphase

210
Q

chromosomes in each of the daughter cells become organized to form two separate nuclei

A

telophase

211
Q

chromosomes begin to unravel and resemble the genetic material dutring the interphase

A

telophase

212
Q

process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions

A

differentiation

213
Q

the time between cell divisions

A

interphase

214
Q

DNA is found as thin threads of chromatin in the nucleus

A

interphase

215
Q

DNA replication occurs during

A

interphase

216
Q

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at the centromere. The centrioles move to the opposite ends of the cell, and the nucleolus and the nuclear envelope disappear

A

prophase

217
Q

the cchromosomes align in the center of the cell in association with the spindle fibers

A

metaphase

218
Q

chromatids separate to form two sets of identical chromosomes. The chromosomes, assisted by the spindle fibers, move toward the centrioles at each end of the cells

A

anaphase

219
Q

chromosomes, disperse, the nuclear envelopes and nucleoli form, and the cytoplasm continues to divide to form two cells

A

telophase

220
Q

programmed cell death, is a normal process by which cell numbers within various tissues are adjusted and controlled

A

apoptosis

BIOSCI (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions