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BIOSCI > Exercise 4: Tissues (Lab) > Flashcards

Exercise 4: Tissues (Lab) Flashcards

1
Q

Exhibit cellularity and perform protection, absorption, filtration and secretion functions

A

Epithelial Tissue

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2
Q

Fit closely together to form compact cells arranged in continuos sheets

A

Epithelial cells

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3
Q

Avascular and are nourished by diffusion from the capillaries of underlying connective tissues

A

Epithelial tissue

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4
Q

Epithelial tissues classification ( type of cells present)

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional

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5
Q

Epithelial tissues - the number of cell layers

A

Simple

Stratified

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6
Q

Simple epithelial tissue

A

Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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7
Q

Consists of only one layer of squamous cells

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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8
Q

Simple squamous epithelium can be found in

A

Air sacs of the lungs
Walls of capillaries ( endothelium)
Serous membrane or serosae

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9
Q

Composed of one layer of cuboidal resting on a basement membrane

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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10
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium can be found in

A

Walls of kidney tubules
Glands and their ducts
Surface of ovaries

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11
Q

Made up of one layer of cells that are taller than they are wide

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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12
Q

Lines the entire length of digestive tract from the stomach to the anus

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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13
Q

Secrete mucus for lubrication

A

Goblet cells

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14
Q

Appears to be stratified but is actually a single layer of cells, all of which touch the basement membrane although not all reach the apex

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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15
Q

Give the false impression of bing stratified

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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16
Q

Found in the respiratory tract

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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17
Q

Most common of the stratified epithelia and consists of several layers

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

Found in areas that are often subjected to friction or abuse

A

Stratified epithelium

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19
Q

Lines mouth, esophagus, and vagina

A

Non- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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20
Q

Found in the epidermis of the skin

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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21
Q

Rare types of epithelia and are only found in the ducts of large glands

A

Stratified cuboidal and stratified columnar

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22
Q

Two cell layers and the apical layer of cells are cuboidal in shape

A

Stratified cuboidal tissue

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23
Q

Consist of basal cells that vary in size and shape and apical cells that are columnar

A

Stratified columnar epithelial tissue

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24
Q

Highly modified, stratified type of epithelium where cells change in shape depending on whether the organ is distended or contracted

A

Transitional epithelium

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25
Q

Forms lining or the urinary bladder, ureters,, and part o the urethra

A

Transitional epithelium

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26
Q

Most abundant primary tissue in the body

A

Connective tissue

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27
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

Connecting and binding body parts together
Protecting the organs
Provide framework for movement of muscles

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28
Q

Loose and dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone and blood

A

Mature connective tissues

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29
Q

From the extracellular matrix of loose connective tissues

A

Fibroblasts

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30
Q

Formed by the chrondroblasts and maintained by chrondrocytes

A

Extracellular matrix

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31
Q

Enables connective tissues to form packaging materials around organs, bear weight, withstand abrasion and other abuses, and absorb large amounts of water to serve as reservoir in the body

A

Extracellular matrix

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32
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Areolar connective tissue
Reticular
Adipose

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33
Q

Universal packing material that binds together and keeps them in their proper position

A

Areolar connective tissue

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34
Q

Most abundant type of connective tissue

A

Areolar connective tissue

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35
Q

Predominantly composed of reticular fibers which are synthesized by reticular cells

A

Reticular connective tissue

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36
Q

Fibroblasts that synthesize more reticular fibers than collage out fibers

A

Reticular cells

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37
Q

Forms the stroma in lymphoid organs like the spleen and Lymph nodes

A

Reticular connective tissue

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38
Q

Forms the hypodermics or subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin where it serves as an insulator, protecting the body from extreme heat and cold

A

Adipose connective tissue

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39
Q

Contains Fibroblasts, ground substance and adipose cells

A

Adipose connective tissue

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40
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Dense regular connective tissue

Dense irregular

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41
Q

Made up of extracellular matrix that is packed with collagenous fibers that are compactly arranged in an orderly manner with fibroblasts cells squeezed in between the collagenous bundles

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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42
Q

Attach muscles to bones

A

Tendons

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43
Q

Connect one bone to another

A

Ligaments

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44
Q

Consists of densely packed collagenous fibers that are arranged in a disorderly or irregular manner

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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45
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue found in

A

Dermis of the skin
Perichondrium of cartilage
Periosteum of bones

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46
Q

Dense, firm but liable, Avascular type of connective tissue with an extracellular matrix consisting of collagenous and elastic fibers

A

Cartilage

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47
Q

Responsible for its tensile strength and gelatinous ground substance provides for its resiliency

A

Collagenous fibers

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48
Q

Nourished through diffusion from underlying vascular tissues

A

Chondrocytes

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49
Q

Predominant cartilage in the body and precursor of most bones

A

Hyaline cartilage

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50
Q

Glassy and homogenous appearance

A

Hyaline cartilage

51
Q

Surrounded by a perichondrium and is the weakest of the three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

52
Q

Thread like network of elastic fibers embedded within the matrix

A

Elastic cartilage

53
Q

Provides strength and elasticity and maintains the shape of structures such as external ear

A

Elastic cartilage

54
Q

Only cartilage without perichondrium

A

Fibrocartilage

55
Q

Collagenous bundles are densely packed and arranged in a herringbone pattern

A

Fibrocartilage

56
Q

Few spans smaller chrondrocytes that are seen scattered along the collagenous bundles

A

Fibrocartilage

57
Q

Provides strength and rigidity and is the strongest type of cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage

58
Q

Hardest of the connective tissue, composed of bone cells

A

Bone or Ossetia tissue

59
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A

Compact bone

Spongy bone

60
Q

Unit structure of bone tissue

A

Haversisn system or osteon

61
Q

Present in compact bone but absent in spongy bone

A

Osteons

62
Q

Considered a connective tissue because it consists blood cells, fibers and matrix

A

Blood

63
Q

Contains hemoglobin which combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin

A

Red blood cells

64
Q

White blood cells consist of

A

Agranulocytes

Granulocytes

65
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

66
Q

Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

67
Q

Liquid matrix that bathes the cells

A

Plasma

68
Q

Specialized for contraction

A

Muscular tissue

69
Q

Highly vascularized and innervated

A

Muscular tissue

70
Q

Units of histological organization are cells that have become elongated

A

Fibers

71
Q

Ability to contract or shorten producing movement

A

Muscle fibers

72
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth muscle tissues

73
Q

Striated and voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle tissues

74
Q

Form long cylindrical units with s multi uncleared appearance

A

Skeletal muscle tissues

75
Q

Nuclei found along periphery of long cylindrical units

A

Skeletal muscle tissues

76
Q

Striated and involuntary

A

Cardiac muscle tissues

77
Q

Composed of smaller branching cells and may be mononucleated or binucleated

A

Cardiac muscle tissues

78
Q

Characterized by the presence of intercalated disks which are dark bands where cardiac muscle cells connect end to end

A

Cardiac muscle tissues

79
Q

Made up of spindle or fusiform shaped cells with a centrally located nucleus

A

Smooth muscle tissues

80
Q

Smooth muscle tissues found in?

A

Blood vessels
Airways to lungs
Visceral organs

81
Q

Contracts much more slowly than other muscle types

A

Smooth muscle tissues

82
Q

Nervous tissues

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

83
Q

Two principal cell types of nervous tissue

A

Neurons

Neuroglia

84
Q

Ability to react to various stimuli

A

Nerve cells or neurons

85
Q

Receive and send information may have one or more nerve processes that receive and send information as nerve impulses

A

Neurons

86
Q

U branched nerve process that transmits impulses away from the nerve cell body

A

Axon

87
Q

Branched process that transmits impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrite

88
Q

Do not conduct impulse but serve as supporting tissues

A

Neuroglia

89
Q

Non striated and involuntary

A

Smooth muscle tissues

90
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Cells are compactly arranged
  2. Cells are arranged in one or more layers
  3. Basement membrane may not be present
  4. Avascular
91
Q

No blood supply

A

Avascular

92
Q

Examples of simple squamous

A

Scraping from inner cheek
Lining of alveoli
Bowman’s capsule

93
Q

Examples of simple cuboidal

A

Cross section of kidney tubules

94
Q

Ex of simple columnar

A

X section of the small intestine

95
Q

Cells that make up pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue

A

Columnar cell w/ forked ends
Spindle shaped cells
Spheroidal cells

96
Q

Ex of pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue

A

X sec of trachea

97
Q

Ex of stratified cuboidal

A

Submaxillary gland

Large sweat glands

98
Q

Characteristics of connective tissues

A

A. Originate from the mesenchyme
B. Cells, fibers and matrix
C. Matrix of connective tissue varies in consistency
D. All of c.t. Are vascular except cartilage
E. Fewer cells

99
Q

Compact, dense, uniform

A

Collagenous

100
Q

Envelopes a cartilage

A

Perichondrium

101
Q

Very young but fibers are not obvious

A

Mucous c.t.

102
Q

When stained with silver - brown ( argyrophilic)

A

Reticular c.t.

103
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblast

104
Q

For bone resorption

A

Osteoclast

105
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocyte

106
Q

Spongy bone sandwiched bet. 2 compact bones

A

Dipole

107
Q

Liquid portion of the unclotted blood

A

Plasma

108
Q

Liquid portion of the clotted blood

A

Serum

109
Q

Natural occurring anticoagulant

A

Heparin

110
Q

Pink granules in the cytoplasm

A

Neutrophil

111
Q

Rarest, bluish granules

A

Basophil

112
Q

Fragments of giant cells called megakarocytes

A

Platelets

113
Q

Respond to stimulus

A

Irritability

114
Q

Transmit stimulus

A

Conductivity

115
Q

Functions of nerve processor

A
  1. Sensory / afferent
  2. Association neuron
  3. Motor/ efferent
116
Q

3 meninges

A

-dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

117
Q

Maintain chemical environment necessary for the transmission action potential

A

Astrocyte

118
Q

Myelin sheath production in the CNS

A

Oligondrocyte

119
Q

Produce csf

A

Ependymal ccn

120
Q

Produce myelin sheath in the CNS

A

Schwann cell

121
Q

Supporting cells

A

Satellite cells

122
Q

Protect nervous system from foreign toxic substances

A

Microfilm

123
Q

Lining , covering, and glandular tissues of the body

A

Epithelial Tissue

BIOSCI (8 decks)

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