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BIOSCI > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Means covering

A

Integument

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2
Q

Major functions of of the integumentary system

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensation
  3. Vitamin D production
  4. Temperature regulation
  5. Excretion
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3
Q

Skin provides protection against abrasion and ultraviolet light (function)

A

Protection

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4
Q

Prevents microorganisms from entering the body and reduces water loss, thus preventing dehydration (function)

A

Protection

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5
Q

The integumentary system has sensory receptors that can detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain (function)

A

Sensation

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6
Q

When exposed to ultraviolet light, skin produces s molecule that can be transformed into vitamin D (function)

A

Vitamin D production

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7
Q

Important regulator of calcium homeostasis

A

Vitamin D

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8
Q

The amount of blood flow beneath the skin’s surface and the activity of sweat glands in the skin both help regulate body temperature. (Function)

A

Temperature regulation

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9
Q

Small amounts of waste products are lost through the skin and in gland secretions (function)

A

Excretion

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10
Q

Two major tissue layers of the skin

A

Epidermis

Dermis

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11
Q

Most superficial layer of skin

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

Layer of epithelial tissue that rests on the dermis

A

Epidermis

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13
Q

Layer of dense connective tissue

A

Dermis

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14
Q

Prevents water loss and resists abrasion

A

Epidermis

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15
Q

Responsible for most of the skin’ s structural strength

A

Dermis

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16
Q

Layer of connective tissue

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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17
Q

Not part of the skin, but it does not connect the skin to underlying muscle or baste

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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18
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

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19
Q

In its deepest layers, new cells are produced by mitosis

A

Epidermis

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20
Q

As new cells form, they push older cells to the surface

A

Slough or flake off

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21
Q

Cells change shape and chemical composition

A

Keratinization

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22
Q

Protein that makes the epidermis hard

A

Keratin

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23
Q

Distinct layers

A

Strata

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24
Q

Deepest stratum

A

Stratum basale

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25
Q

Consists of cuboidal or columnar cells that undergo mitotic divisions about every 19 days

A

Stratum basale

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26
Q

Most superficial stratum of the epidermis

A

Stratum corneum

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27
Q

Consists of dead squamous cells filled with keratin

A

Stratum corneum

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28
Q

Gives the stratum corneum it’s structural strength

A

Keratin

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29
Q

Excessive sloughing of stratum corneum cells from the surface of the scalp

A

Dandruff

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30
Q

Skin subjected to friction, producing a thickened area

A

Callus

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31
Q

Stratum corneum can thicken to form a cone-shaped structure called

A

Corn

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32
Q

Composed of dense collagenous connective tissue containing fibroblasts, adipocytes and macrophages

A

Dermis

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33
Q

Responsible for the structural strength of the dermis

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

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34
Q

Part of an animal hide from which leather is made

A

Dermis

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35
Q

Oriented in many different directions and can resist stretch

A

Collagen fibers of the dermis

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36
Q

Most resistant to stretch along those lines

A

Cleavage lines, or tension lines

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37
Q

Develop when a person increases in size quite rapidly

A

Stretch marks

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38
Q

Upper part of the dermis has projections which extends toward the epidermis

A

Dermal papillae

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39
Q

Contain many blood vessels that supply the overlying epidermis with nutrients, move waste products, and help regulate body temperature

A

Dermis papillae

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40
Q

Factors that determine skin color

A

Pigments in the skin
Blood circulating through the skin
Thickness of the stratum corneum

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41
Q

Group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color

A

Melanin

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42
Q

Provide protection against ultraviolet light from the sun

A

Melanin

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43
Q

Melanin is produced

A

Melanocytes

44
Q

Irregularly shaped cells with many long processes that extend between the epithelial cells of the deep part of the epidermis

A

Melanocytes

45
Q

Golgi apparatuses of the melanocytes package melanin into vesicles called

A

Melanosomes

46
Q

Recessive genetic trait that causes w deficiency or an absence of melanin

47
Q

Have fair skin, white hair, and u pigmented irises in the eyes

48
Q

Cause an increase in melanin production during pregnancy in the mother, darkening the nipples, the pigmented circular areas around the nipples, and the genitalia even more

A

Estrogen and melanocyte stimulating hormone

49
Q

Decrease in the blood O2 content produces bluish color of the skin

50
Q

Yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots

51
Q

Lipid -soluble; when consumed, it accumulates in the lipids of the stratum corneum and in the adipocytes of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

52
Q

Attaches it to underlying bone and muscle and it supplies it with blood vessels and nerves

A

Subcutaneous tissue

53
Q

Not part of the skin, sometimes called hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous tissue

54
Q

Loose connective tissue, including adipose tissue that contains about half the body’s stored lipids

A

Subcutaneous tissue

55
Q

Found everywhere on the skin, except on palms, the soles, the lips, the nipples, parts of the genitalia, and distal segments of the fingers and toes

56
Q

Each hair arises from

A

Hair follicle

57
Q

Extension of the epidermis that originates deep in the dermis

A

Hair follicle

58
Q

Of Hair protrudes above the surface of the skin

59
Q

Below the surface of the skin

A

Root and hair bulb

60
Q

A hair has hard _ which surrounds a softer center

61
Q

Softer center

62
Q

Covers the cortex

63
Q

Single layer of overlapping cells that holds the hair in the hair follicle

64
Q

Play an important roles in repair of the skin

A

Hair follicle

65
Q

Grow for about 30 days and rest for 105 Days

66
Q

Grow for 3 years and rest for 1-2 years

A

Scalp hairs

67
Q

Associated with each hair follicle are smooth muscle cells

A

Arrector pili

68
Q

Causes the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin’s surface

A

Contraction of the arrector pili

69
Q

Major glands of the skin

A

Sebaceous glands

Sweat glands

70
Q

Simple, branched acinar glands

A

Sebaceous glands

71
Q

Oily, white substance rich in lipids

72
Q

Released by holocrine secretion and lubricstes the hair and the surface of the skin, which prevents drying and protects against some bacteria

73
Q

Two kinds of sweat glands

A

Eccrine sweat glands

Apocrine sweat glands

74
Q

Simple, coiled, tubular glands and release sweat by merocrine secretion

A

Eccrine glands

75
Q

Located in almost every part of the skin but most numerous in the palms and soles

A

Eccrine glands

76
Q

Produce a secretion that is mostly water with few salts

A

Eccrine glands

77
Q

Have ducts that open onto the surface of the skin through sweat pores

A

Eccrine glands

78
Q

Simple, coiled, tubular glands that produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances

A

Apocrine glands

79
Q

Thin, pale, consisting of layers of dead stratum cornermen cells that contain a very hard type of keratin

80
Q

Part of the nail covered by skin

81
Q

Stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body

A

Cuticle or eponychium

82
Q

Nail root extends distantly from the

A

Nail matrix

83
Q

Located distal to the nail matrix

84
Q

Can be seen through the nail body as a whitish, crescent shaped area at the base of the nail

85
Q

Useful in the diagnosis because it is observed easily and often reflects events occurring in other parts of the body

A

Integumentary system

86
Q

Yellowish skin color

87
Q

Occur when the liver is damaged by s disease, such as viral hepatitis

88
Q

Results when bacteria infecting the throat release a toxin into the blood that causes a reddish rash on the skin

A

Scarlet fever

89
Q

Skin produces excess keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper texture

A

Vitamin a deficiency

90
Q

Nails lose their normal contour and become flat or concave

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

91
Q

Injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity, or radiation

92
Q

Classified according to their depth

93
Q

Part of the stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area

A

Partial-thickness burns

94
Q

Divided into first and second degree burns

A

Partial - thickness burns

95
Q

Involve only the epidermis and are red and painful

A

First degree burns

96
Q

Can be caused by sunburn or brief exposure to very hot or very cold objects, and they heal without scarring in about a week

A

First-degree burns

97
Q

Damage both the epidermis and the dermis

A

Second-degree burns

98
Q

If dermal damage is minimal, symptoms include redness, pain, Eden, and blisters

A

Second degree burns

99
Q

Burn goes deep into the dermis, the wound appears red, tan, or white

A

Second degree burns

100
Q

Can take several months to heal and might scar

A

Second degree burns

101
Q

Epidermis and the dermis are completely destroyed, and recovery occurs from the edges of the burn wound

A

Full thickness burns or third degree burns

102
Q

Surrounded by areas of first and second degree burns

A

Full-thickness burns

103
Q

Appear white, tan, brown, black or deep cherry red

A

Full thickness burns or third degree burns

104
Q

Most common type of cancer

A

Skin cancer

105
Q

Known to induce cancer

A

Chemicals and radiation

106
Q

Three main types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma

107
Q

Consists of the skin and accessory structures such as hair, glands and nails

A

Integumentary system

BIOSCI (8 decks)

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