Exercise 27 Flashcards
PESAMER Allomyces
[P] Chrytidiomycota, Fungi
[E] Allomyces looks like segmented stalks.
[S] Chrytids have motile, flagellated spores for reproduction. They also have flagella
[A] Water
[M] Probably some unless perhaps they are parasitic.
[E] Extracellular digestion and absorptive heterotrophy
[R] Motile flagellated spores at the end of the stalk.
PESAMER Rhizopus
[P] Zygomycota, Fungi
[E] In the zygosporangium stage, it looks like a red ball connected to two hypha.
[S] Sporangium are round spore-containing parts at the end of the Rhizopus; sporangiophores are the stalks that hold them; rhizoids are their ‘roots’; and stolons connect different stalks. Their distinguishing characteristic is the zygosporangia. Also, their hyphae have no dividing septae.
[A] They are called the bread molds . . .
[M] None
[E] Extracellular digestion and absorptive heterotrophy
[R] Sexual reproduction.
1) Hyphae of + and - strains meet.
2) A gametangia forms where they meet, and gametes start to form.
3) The two part gametangia’s center wall breaks down and the cytoplasms fuse (plasmogamy).
4) A zygosporangium forms (n+n stage)
5) Karyogamy occurs and forms 2n zygotes.
6) The zygotes undergo meiosis, resulting in haploid spores that germinate.
7) Eventually, the germinating cells make a sporangiophore by mitosis and form spores asexually.
8) Later, the spores are released to make new generations.
PESAMER Aspergillus
[P] Ascomycota, Fungi
[E] Round.
[S] Round conidiophores, or ‘spore bearers’, that look like they are ‘sprouting’ conidia, or spores.
[A] N/A
[M] N/A
[E] Extracellular digestion and absorptive heterotrophy
[R]
1) Life starts with the branches: a - mating strain hyphae and a + mating strain hyphae. When they touch, they form antheridia and ascogonia.
2) Plasmogamy occurs, leaving one dikaryotic (n+n) hyphae. This becomes a fully developed ascocarp, like a cup, maybe.
3) The organism creates an ascus, which later undergoes karyogamy to become 2n.
4) The ascus undergoes meiosis to become n. Then it goes through mitosis and starts breaking off ascospores, which become the ‘branches’. The branches can form conidia which asexually produce mycelia.
Many hyphae = one ______
mycelium
PESAMER Penecillium
[P] Ascomycota, fungi
[E] Like a brush tip.
[S] The brush ‘stalks’ are conidiophores.
[A] N/A
[M] N/A
[E] Extracellular digestion and absorptive heterotrophy
[R]
1) Life starts with the branches: a - mating strain hyphae and a + mating strain hyphae. When they touch, they form antheridia and ascogonia.
2) Plasmogamy occurs, leaving one dikaryotic (n+n) hyphae. This becomes a fully developed ascocarp, like a cup, maybe.
3) The organism creates an ascus, which later undergoes karyogamy to become 2n.
4) The ascus undergoes meiosis to become n. Then it goes through mitosis and starts breaking off ascospores, which become the ‘branches’. The branches can form conidia which asexually produce mycelia.
PESAMER Saccharomyces
[P] Ascomycota, fungi
[E] We don’t know
[S] Don’t know, but it’s used to make wine and stuff
[A] N/A
[M] N/A
[E] Extracellular digestion and absorptive heterotrophy
[R]
1) Life starts with the branches: a - mating strain hyphae and a + mating strain hyphae. When they touch, they form antheridia and ascogonia.
2) Plasmogamy occurs, leaving one dikaryotic (n+n) hyphae. This becomes a fully developed ascocarp, like a cup, maybe.
3) The organism creates an ascus, which later undergoes karyogamy to contain a 2n zygote.
4) The ascus undergoes meiosis to become n. Then it goes through mitosis and starts breaking off ascospores, which become the ‘branches’. The branches can form conidia which asexually produce mycelia.
PESAMER Peziza
[P] Ascomycota, fungi
[E] Finger like stalks with beads inside, the ascospores (8 nuclei per stalk)
[S] Ascospores!
[A] N/A
[M] N/A
[E] Extracellular digestion and absorptive heterotrophy
[R]
1) Life starts with the branches: a - mating strain hyphae and a + mating strain hyphae. When they touch, they form antheridia and ascogonia.
2) Plasmogamy occurs, leaving one dikaryotic (n+n) hyphae. This becomes a fully developed ascocarp, like a cup, maybe.
3) The organism creates an ascus, which later undergoes karyogamy to contain a 2n zygote.
4) The ascus undergoes meiosis to become n. Then it goes through mitosis and starts breaking off ascospores, which become the ‘branches’. The branches can form conidia which asexually produce mycelia.
PESAMER Geaster
[P] Basidiomycota, fungi
[E] It looks like a flower, to be honest
[S] N/A
[A] N/A
[M] N/A
[E] Extracellular digestion and absorptive heterotrophy
[R]
1) Two different organism’s hyphae of different mating strains meet.
2) Septa (separaters) form between nuclei in the hyphae, making the monokaryotic primary mycelia (n)
3) After plasmogamy, the secondary, dikaryotic mycelia (n+n) forms.
4) Eventually, this n+n hyphae emerges as a tight bundle of hyphae, or basidiocarp, or mushroom!
5) The underside of the gills become lined with club shaped basidia. Each basium’s nuclei fuses to become 2n (karyogamy).
6) The basidium undergoes meiosis (n) and creates sterigmae on its ends, which release basidiospores, which are carried by the wind onwards toward becoming a new organism.
PESAMER Coprinus
[P] Basidiomycota, fungi
[E] The gill section looks like fuzzy squash (gills w/ basidia)
[S] Gills, basidia
[A] Lots of places
[M] None, not in dominant form, anyway
[E] Extracellular digestion and absorptive heterotrophy
[R]
1) Two different organism’s hyphae of different mating strains meet.
2) Septa (separaters) form between nuclei in the hyphae, making the monokaryotic primary mycelia (n)
3) After plasmogamy, the secondary, dikaryotic mycelia (n+n) forms.
4) Eventually, this n+n hyphae emerges as a tight bundle of hyphae, or basidiocarp, or mushroom!
5) The underside of the gills become lined with club shaped basidia. Each basium’s nuclei fuses to become 2n (karyogamy).
6) The basidium undergoes meiosis (n) and creates sterigmae on its ends, which release basidiospores, which are carried by the wind onwards toward becoming a new organism.
Lichens are
fungi living symbiotically with photosynthetic algae cyanobacterias
The three kinds of lichen are:
Crustose (crusty, flat) foliose (leafy, flowery) fructose (fruity, fragile)
Lichen’s bodies are called ______. They reproduce _______ by _______.
a thallus, asexually, releasing packets of tissue or specialized cell packets
