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Bio 11.1 (Zoology) > Exercise 16: The Muscular System > Flashcards

Exercise 16: The Muscular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Are contractile structures involved in motion and locomotion.

A

muscles

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2
Q

It refers to the fixed end of the skeletal muscle.

A

origin

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3
Q

It refers to the movable end of the skeletal muscle.

A

insertion

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4
Q

Complete the sentence below:
If the muscle has multiple origins, each one is called the __________.

A

head

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5
Q

Complete the sentence below:
If the muscle has multiple insertions, each one is called the __________.

A

slips

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6
Q

It is the region between the origin and the insertion.

A

belly

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Muscle parts are determined by their role in muscle contraction.

A

True

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8
Q

Are sheets of connective tissue which attach skeletal muscles with each other.

A

fascia

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9
Q

Identify examples of fascia.

A
  • cord-like tendon
  • flat but tough aponeuroses
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10
Q

It refers to the movement resulting from muscle contraction.

A

action

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11
Q

Complete the sentence below:
Muscles with the same action are called _______________.

A

synergists

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12
Q

Complete the sentence below:
Muscles with opposing actions are called _______________.

A

antagonists

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13
Q

Identify which action is described below:
straightening of a part

A

extension

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14
Q

Identify which action is described below:
bending of a part

A

flexion

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15
Q

Identify which action is described below:
bringing the limbs towards the longitudinal axis

A

adduction

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16
Q

Identify which action is described below:
drawing the limbs away from the longitudinal axis

A

abduction

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17
Q

Identify which action is described below:
raises a structure

A

elevation

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18
Q

Identify which action is described below:
brings down a structure

A

depression

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19
Q

Identify the 6 common actions.

A
  • extension
  • flexion
  • adduction
  • abduction
  • elevation
  • depression
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20
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The longitudinal muscles of the Ascaris lumbricoides x.s. are immediately beneath the epidermis.

A

True

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21
Q

How many pairs of muscles surround the toad’s head?

A

3

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22
Q

Identify the pairs of muscles surrounding the toad’s head.

A
  • temporalis
  • depressor mandibulae
  • mylohyoid
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23
Q

It is a pair of triangular muscles found dorsally behind each eye.

A

temporalis

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24
Q

Origin of the temporalis.

A

mid-dorsal line of the skull

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25
Q

Insertion of the temporalis.

A

posterior region of the mandible

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26
Q

Primary function of the temporalis.

A

acts to raise the mandible

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27
Q

It is a large muscle found posterior to the tympanum.

A

depressor mandibulae

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28
Q

Origin of the depressor mandibulae.

A

mid-dorsal line

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29
Q

Insertion of the depressor mandibulae.

A

angle of the jaw

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30
Q

Primary function of the depressor mandibulae.

A

acts to lower the jaw

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31
Q

Are flat muscles found on the ventral surface of the lower jaw.

A

mylohyoid

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32
Q

Origin of the mylohyoid.

A

median raphe (septum)

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33
Q

Insertion of the mylohyoid.

A

inner surface of the lower jaw

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34
Q

Primary function of the mylohyoid.

A

elevates the floor of the mouth

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35
Q

It is a thick layer of connective tissue covering the back of the toad.

A

lumbo-dorsal fascia

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36
Q

It is the muscle on top of the suprascapula.

A

dorsalis scapulae

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37
Q

Origin of the dorsalis scapulae.

A

suprascapula

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38
Q

Insertion of the dorsalis scapulae.

A

humerus

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39
Q

Primary functions of the dorsalis scapulae.

A
  • abducts the forelimb
  • rotates the upper arm medially
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40
Q

It is the muscle posterior to the dorsalis scapulae.

A

latissimus dorsi

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41
Q

Origin of the latissimus dorsi.

A

lumbo-dorsal fascia

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42
Q

Insertion of the latissimus dorsi.

A

humerus

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43
Q

Primary functions of the latissimus dorsi.

A
  • abducts the forelimb
  • slides the upper arm forward
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44
Q

It borders the vertebral column.

A

longissimus dorsi

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45
Q

Origin of longissimus dorsi.

A

urostyle

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46
Q

Insertion of longissimus dorsi.

A

base of the skull

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47
Q

Primary functions of the longissimus dorsi.

A
  • elevates the head
  • extends the trunk
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48
Q

It is a v-shaped muscle lateral to the longissimus dorsi.

A

coccygeosacralis

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49
Q

Origin of the coccygeosacralis.

A

transverse processes of the sacral vertebra

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50
Q

Insertion of the coccygeosacralis.

A

anterior half of the urostyle

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51
Q

Primary function of the coccygeosacralis.

A
  • moves the urostyle dorsally or laterally to aid in locomotion
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52
Q

It is a v-shaped muscle lateral to the coccygeosacralis.

A

coccygeoiliacus

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53
Q

Origin of the coccygeoiliacus.

A

urostyle

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54
Q

Insertion of the coccygeoiliacus.

A

anterior part of the ilium

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55
Q

Primary function of the coccygeoiliacus.

A

moves the ilium dorsally or laterally to aid in locomotion

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56
Q

It refers to the largest muscle of the toad arm.

A

anconeus (triceps brachii)

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57
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The anconeus can be found at the back of the upper arm.

A

True

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58
Q

Enumerate the 3 heads of the anconeus.

A
  • anterior head
  • medial head
  • lateral head
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59
Q

Origin of the anterior head of the anconeus.

A

posterior border of the scapula

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60
Q

Origin of the medial head of the anconeus.

A

medial side of the humerus

61
Q

Origin of the lateral head of the anconeus.

A

lateral side of the humerus

62
Q

Insertion of the anconeus.

A

proximal end of the radio-ulna

63
Q

Primary function of the anconeus

A

extends the forearm

64
Q

It is a pair of elongated muscles forming the ventral abdominal wall.

A

rectus abdominus

65
Q

Origin of the rectus abdominus.

A

pubis

66
Q

Insertion of the rectus abdominus.

A

xiphisternum

67
Q

It is a thin, longitudinal sheet of connective tissue separating the rectus abdominis.

A

linea alba (white line)

68
Q

It is a connective tissue septa creating a horizontal segmentation on the rectus abdominis.

A

inscriptiones tendinae

69
Q

Primary function of the rectus abdominis.

A

flexes the trunk

70
Q

It is a sheet of muscle that covers each side of the trunk.

A

external oblique

71
Q

Origin of the external oblique.

A

lumbo-dorsal fascia

72
Q

Insertion of the external oblique.

A

aponeurosis under the rectus abdominis

73
Q

Primary function of the external oblique.

A

compresses the abdomen

74
Q

It is the largest muscle on the chest.

A

sternoradialis

75
Q

It is a pair of muscles forming a triangle at the apex of the chest.

A

sternoradialis

76
Q

Origin of the sternoradialis.

A

sternum

77
Q

Insertion of the sternoradialis.

A

proximal end of the radio-ulna

78
Q

Primary function of the sternoradialis.

A

draws the arm forward

79
Q

Are muscles found posterior to the sternoradialis.

A

pectoralis

80
Q

Identify the 3 heads of the pectoralis.

A
  • anterior head
  • middle head
  • posterior head
81
Q

Origin of the anterior head of the pectoralis.

A

anterior half of the sternum

82
Q

Origin of the middle head of pectoralis.

A

posterior half of the sternum

83
Q

Origin of the posterior head of the pectoralis.

A

fascia of the rectus abdominis

84
Q

Insertion of the pectoralis.

A

humerus

85
Q

Primary function of the pectoralis.

A

adduct and draw the arm forward

86
Q

It is a stout muscle forming the shoulder.

A

deltoid

87
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The deltoid appears to be a part of the _______________ but can be distinguished by a thin line.

A

sternoradialis

88
Q

Origin of the deltoid.

A

sternum and clavicle

89
Q

Insertion of the deltoid.

A

humerus

90
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The deltoid is synergistic with the _______________.

A

sternoradialis

91
Q

It is a small, elongated muscle found on the lateral border of the coccygeoiliacus, near the anterior end of the triceps femoris.

A

gluteus (iliacus externus)

92
Q

Origin of the gluteus.

A

ilium

93
Q

Insertion of the gluteus.

A

femur

94
Q

Primary function of the gluteus.

A

rotates the thigh medially

95
Q

It is a large muscle on the lateral side of the thigh.

A

triceps femoris

96
Q

Identify the 3 heads of the triceps femoris.

A
  • dorsal head
  • ventral head
  • middle head
97
Q

Origin of the dorsal head of the triceps femoris.

A

acetabulum

98
Q

Origin of the ventral head of the triceps femoris.

A

posterior end of the ilium

99
Q

Origin of the middle head of the triceps femoris.

A

anterior end of the ilium

100
Q

Insertion of the triceps femoris.

A

proximal end of the tibio-fibula

101
Q

Primary functions of the triceps femoris.

A
  • extend the shank
  • flex the thigh
102
Q

It is found medially on the dorsal side of the thigh.

A

semimembranosus

103
Q

Insertion of the semimembranosus.

A

tibio-fibula

104
Q

Origin of the semimembranosus.

A

ischium and pubis

105
Q

Primary functions of the semimembranosus.

A
  • extends the thigh
  • flexes the shank
106
Q

It is a narrow muscle in between the triceps femoris and the semimembranosus.

A

iliofibularis (biceps femoris)

107
Q

Origin of the iliofibularis.

A

ilium

108
Q

Insertion of the iliofibularis.

A

tibio-fibula and femur

109
Q

Primary functions of the iliofibularis.

A
  • extends and adducts the thigh
  • flexes the shank
110
Q

It is a superficial long strip of muscle on the thigh.

A

sartorius

111
Q

Origin of the sartorius.

A

pubis

112
Q

Insertion of the sartorius.

A

tibio-fibula

113
Q

Primary function of the sartorius.

A

flexes the thigh and the shank

114
Q

It is the muscle found medial to the sartorius.

A

gracilis major

115
Q

Origin of the gracilis major.

A

ischium

116
Q

Insertion of the gracilis major.

A

tibio-fibula

117
Q

Primary functions of the gracilis major.

A
  • extends the thigh
  • flexes the shank
118
Q

It is a thin flap of muscle found superficial to the gracilis major.

A

gracilis minor

119
Q

Origin of the gracilis minor.

A

fascia in the region of the cloacal opening

120
Q

Insertion of the gracilis minor.

A

tibio-fibula

121
Q

It is a muscle found lateral to the sartorius.

A

adductor magnus

122
Q

Origin of the adductor magnus.

A

ischium and pubis

123
Q

Insertion of the adductor magnus.

A

femur

124
Q

Primary function of the adductor magnus.

A

adducts the thigh

125
Q

It is the biggest muscle in the shank.

A

gastrocnemius

126
Q

It is also known as the calf muscle.

A

gastrocnemius

127
Q

Identify the 2 heads of the gastrocnemius.

A
  • small head
  • big head
128
Q

Origin of the small head of the gastrocnemius.

A

(via a thin tendon) aponeurosis of the knee

129
Q

Origin of the big head of the gastrocnemius.

A

ligament between the femur and the tibio-fibula

130
Q

Insertion of the gastrocnemius.

A

tendon of Achilles

131
Q

Primary functions of the gastrocnemius.

A
  • flexes the shank
  • extends the foot away from the shank
132
Q

It is a muscle found lateral to the gastrocnemius.

A

peroneus

133
Q

Origin of the peroneus.

A

posterior end of the femur

134
Q

Insertion of the peroneus.

A

posterior end of the tibio-fibula

135
Q

Primary functions of the peroneus.

A
  • extends the shank
  • flexes and adducts the foot
136
Q

Identify the 2 muscles that bound the tibio-fibula on each side.

A
  • tibialis anticus (tibialis anterior longus)
  • tibialis posticus (tibialis posterior)
137
Q

It is a muscle that appears continuous with the peroneus.

A

tibialis anticus

138
Q

Origin of the tibialis anticus.

A

femur

139
Q

Insertion of the tibialis anticus.

A

two tendons to the tarsals

140
Q

Primary functions of the tibialis anticus.

A
  • extends the shank
  • flexes the foot
141
Q

It is a small muscle found in between the tibialis anticus and tibio-fibula.

A

extensor cruris

142
Q

Origin of the extensor cruris.

A

femur

143
Q

Insertion of the extensor cruris.

A

tibio-fibula

144
Q

Primary function of the extensor cruris.

A
  • extends the shank
145
Q

It is a muscle partly hidden beneath the gastrocnemius.

A

tibialis posterior

146
Q

Origin of the tibialis posterior.

A

tibio-fibula

147
Q

Insertion of the tibialis posterior.

A

tarsal bones

148
Q

Primary function of the tibialis posterior.

A

adducts and extends the foot

Bio 11.1 (Zoology) (5 decks)

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