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Bio 11.1 (Zoology) > Exercise 12: Animal Forms > Flashcards

Exercise 12: Animal Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the common and the scientific name of the model organism used in the experiment.

A

cane toad (Rhinella marina)

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2
Q

Describe the skin texture on the ventral side of a cane toad.

A

leathery and soft

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3
Q

Describe the skin texture on the dorsal side of the cane toad.

A

pocked with protuberances

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4
Q

It refers to the apex of the triangular head.

A

snout

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5
Q

It refers to the pair of openings on the snout.

A

nostrils (external nares)

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6
Q

It is located at the dorso-lateral side of the head.

A

bulging eyes

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7
Q

It is located ventral to the snout.

A

mouth

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8
Q

It protects the bulging eyes.

A

upper and lower eyelids

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9
Q

It is located posterior to each eye, appearing as a flat, round patch.

A

tympanum (eardrum)

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10
Q

It is located at the anterior end of the trunk, posterior and dorsal to the tympanum.

A

parotoid gland

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11
Q

It is located at the posterior end of the trunk, which lies between the origin of the legs.

A

cloacal opening

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12
Q

Enumerate the 3 segments of the forelimbs.

A
  • upper arm
  • forearm
  • manus
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13
Q

Which segment of the forelimb is at the proximal end?

A

upper arm

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14
Q

Which segment of the forelimb is distally further?

A

manus

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15
Q

The manus is composed of how many segmented digits?

A

4

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16
Q

Enumerate the 3 segments of the hindlimbs.

A
  • thigh
  • shank
  • pes
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17
Q

Which segment of the hindlimb is at the proximal end?

A

thigh

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18
Q

Which segment of the hindlimb is distally further?

A

pes

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19
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The pes of a toad is webbed; the toes are mainly connected by membranous extensions of the skin.

A

True

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20
Q

It refers to the central region of a sea star.

A

disc

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21
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Sea stars display a simple pentamerous or five-rayed plan.

A

True

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22
Q

It refers to the bottom surface of a sea star.

A

oral side

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23
Q

It refers to the top surface of a sea star.

A

aboral side

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24
Q

On which side is the mouth of a sea star located?

A

bottom (oral) side

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25
Q

On which side is the anus of a sea star located?

A

top (aboral) side

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26
Q

In sea stars, it can open to reveal the sticky tube feet.

A

ambulacral grooves

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27
Q

Compare the locomotory appendages of a toad and an insect.

A
  • toad - arms, legs
  • insect - wings
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28
Q

Compare the regions where the locomotory appendages of a toad and an insect are attached.

A
  • toad - attached to the trunk
  • insect - attached to the thorax
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29
Q

Is the internal segmentation in fishes similar to that of earthworms?

A

No

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30
Q

These are thin, transverse flaps of connective tissue found right under the integuments of an earthworm.

A

septa

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31
Q

It divides the body cavity of an earthworm into segments.

A

septa

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32
Q

Enumerate the 4 morphological features.

A
  • symmetry
  • regionalization
  • segmentation
  • appendages
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33
Q

It refers to the association of parts with respect to a plane or axis of reference.

A

symmetry

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34
Q

Enumerate the 4 types of symmetry.

A
  • bilateral
  • radial
  • biradial
  • asymmetrical
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35
Q

Identify which symmetry is described below:
State of having similar parts that are regularly arranged about the central axis (oral-aboral axis).

A

radial symmetry

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36
Q

Identify which symmetry is described below:
State of having only one plane that divides an organism equally into its left and right halves that are mirror images of each other.

A

bilateral symmetry

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37
Q

Identify which symmetry is described below:
State of having exactly two planes of symmetry.

A

biradial symmetry

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38
Q

Enumerate the 3 axes of reference.

A
  • longitudinal (antero-posterior) axis
  • transverse (medio-lateral) axis
  • sagittal (dorso-ventral) axis
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39
Q

Which axis of reference runs from an animal’s head to its tail head?

A

longitudinal (antero-posterior) axis

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40
Q

Which axis of reference runs from the left to the right of an animal.

A

transverse (medio-lateral) axis

41
Q

Which axis of reference runs from the back of an animal to its belly.

A

sagittal (dorso-ventral) axis

42
Q

Which plane is formed by the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse axes?

A

longitudinal plane

43
Q

Which plane is formed by the intersection of the transverse and sagittal axes?

A

transverse plane

44
Q

Which plane is formed by the intersection of the longitudinal and sagittal axes?

A

sagittal plane

45
Q

Which plane divides bilateral animals into symmetrical halves?

A

sagittal plane

46
Q

In bipedal animals, which term is used in place of the longitudinal plane?

A

coronal plane

47
Q

Enumerate the 8 cardinal directions.

A
  • anterior and posterior
  • dorsal and ventral
  • medial and lateral
  • proximal and distal
48
Q

It refers to the presence of repeating parts, called segments, along the antero-posterior body axis.

A

segmentation

49
Q

Identify which type of segmentation is described below:
Segmentation is present in the external appearance.

A

external segmentation

50
Q

Identify which type of segmentation is described below:
Segmentation is observed in the internal organs and the body cavities.

A

internal segmentation

51
Q

It refers to the condition of having distinct body structures arranged from end to end of an animal.

A

regionalization

52
Q

It refers to the region where sensory and nervous structures are concentrated.

53
Q

It refers to the region that constitutes the rest of the body apart from the head.

54
Q

It refers to the region that constitutes the rest of the body apart from the head.

55
Q

Identify the 2 divisions of the trunk

A
  • thorax (anterior)
  • abdomen (posterior)
56
Q

It refers to the fused head and thorax.

A

cephalothorax

57
Q

It allows the head and the trunk to move independently.

58
Q

Are extended outgrowths of the main body axis.

A

appendages

59
Q

Enumerate examples of cephalic appendages.

A
  • antennae
  • eye stalks
  • tentacles
  • mouthparts
60
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Cephalic appendages occur only in invertebrates.

61
Q

Enumerate examples of locomotory appendages.

A
  • arms
  • legs
  • wings
  • fins
  • flippers
  • lobopods
62
Q

It refers to the displacement of a multicellular animal as a result of its movement against a medium.

A

locomotion

63
Q

Enumerate the 3 modes of locomotion of animals without appendages.

A
  • pedal wave locomotion
  • peristalsis
  • undulatory motion
64
Q

Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
Continuous contractions of longitudinal muscles along the ventral surface.

A

pedal wave locomotion

65
Q

Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
The alternating contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscles throughout the body.

A

peristalsis

66
Q

Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
The lateral muscles contract in waves from head to tail.

A

undulatory motion

67
Q

Enumerate the 3 modes of locomotion of animals with appendages.

A
  • pedal locomotion
  • swimming
  • true flight
68
Q

Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
Used by terrestrial animals, using limbs.

A

pedal locomotion

69
Q

Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
Used by aquatic animals, where both the fins and the trunk participate to propel the body or stop its movement.

70
Q

Identify the mode of locomotion described below:
Used by animals to achieve aboveground locomotion, and is facilitated by wings.

A

true flight

71
Q

Identify the symmetry of an eagle.

72
Q

Identify the segmentation of an eagle.

73
Q

Identify the body regions of an eagle.

A
  • head
  • neck
  • trunk
  • tail
74
Q

Identify the appendages of an eagle.

A
  • wings
  • feet
75
Q

Identify the modes of locomotion of an eagle.

A
  • true flight
  • gliding
  • pedal locomotion
76
Q

Identify the segmentation of an earthworm.

A

internal and external

77
Q

Identify the modes of locomotion of an earthworm.

A

peristalsis

78
Q

Identify the symmetry of fishes.

79
Q

Identify the segmentation of fishes.

80
Q

Identify the body regions of fishes.

A
  • head
  • trunk
  • tail
81
Q

Identify the appendages of fishes.

82
Q

Identify the modes of locomotion of fishes.

83
Q

Identify the symmetry of roaches.

84
Q

Identify the segmentation of roaches.

A

internal and external

85
Q

Identify the body regions of roaches.

A
  • head
  • thorax
  • abdomen
86
Q

Identify the appendages of roaches.

A
  • antennae
  • mouth parts
  • legs
  • wings
87
Q

Identify the modes of locomotion of roaches.

A
  • pedal locomotion
  • true flight
88
Q

Identify the symmetry of snails.

A

asymmetrical

89
Q

Identify the appendages of snails.

A
  • eye stalks
  • tentacles
90
Q

Identify the modes of locomotion of snails.

A

pedal wave locomotion

91
Q

Identify the symmetry of snakes.

92
Q

Identify the segmentation of snakes.

93
Q

Identify the body regions of snakes.

A
  • head
  • trunk
  • tail
94
Q

Identify the modes of locomotion of snakes.

A

undulatory motion

95
Q

Identify the symmetry of shrimps.

96
Q

Identify the segmentation of shrimps.

A

internal and external

97
Q

Identify the body regions of shrimps.

A
  • cephalothorax
  • abdomen
98
Q

Identify the appendages of shrimps.

A
  • antennae
  • eye stalks
  • mouth parts
  • pereiopods
  • pleopods
  • uropods

Bio 11.1 (Zoology) (5 decks)

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