excretory system -loop of henle Flashcards
what is the excretory system
the removal of wastes from the body
what can happen if wastes build up
it can poison u
what does the excretory system release
sweat, H2O, urine
deamination
protein break down
what is the excretory system the result of
protein break down
functions of excretory system
regulates electrolytes and H2O, helps synthesis Vitamin D>calcium, affects blood volume, regulates ph concentration, RBC concentration, HOMEOSTASIS
what is a normal blood ph concentration
7.35-7.45
what triggers Vitamin D
sun
where is urea found
aquatic animals, diluted in ocean
is urea poisonous
yes
what do aquatic animals secrete
urea
what consistency is uric acid crystals
paste
where are uric acid crystals found
insects, snakes, birds
function of uric acid crystals
helps prevent animals from dehydration, conserves water
is urine poisonous
no
formula for urine
non-poisonous urea+ H2O
where is urine found
terrestrial animals
function of kidneys
release urine
can you live without kidneys
can live w/ one but two is better
where are the kidneys
lower back
what does the skin release when your hot
sweat
function of skin
maintain homeostasis (98.6°)
what type of sweat leaves stains
fear sweat
function of lungs
release of CO2 and H2O
how many kidneys do we have
2
what shape is the kidney
bean shaped
what size is the kidney
fist
describe the location of the kidneys
surrounded by fat, left kidney is higher than the right; lumbar region
which kidney is higher
left
what region are the kidney located it
lumbar
can you live without kidneys
no
how many liters of blood a day do the kidneys filter
2,000 liters
what type of blood goes in the kidneys
dirty blood
what type of blood comes out of the kidneys
clean
renal artery
carries “dirty blood” into kidneys
renal vein
carries “clean blood” out of the kidneys
how many uriter(s) do we have
2
how long are the uriters
10”
structure of ureters
smooth muscle
function of ureters
connects the kidneys to the bladder
what is the problem in a urinary track infection
urine isnt coming out; urine drips out
symptoms of a urinary track infection
painful to go to the bathroom, fever, cloudy urine
how to prevent a urinary track infection
cranberry juice, H2O, go to the bathroom, prescription meds to cure
kidney stones
hardened urine
how can a doctor get a kidney stone out
drink water or lithotripsy (laser)
what is it called when a laser is used to remove a kidney stone
lithotripsy
structure of bladder
elastic tissue sac
how much urine does the bladder hold TOTAL
600ml
how much does the bladder hold until you feel the sensation to have to urinate
150ml
where do you feel the sensation of the bladder
sacral region
what is the urethra
tube/opening from the bladder to the outside of the body
external sphincter
voluntary skeletal muscle in the urethra
internal sphincter
involuntary muscle in the urethra
what muscle is involved with potty training
external sphincter
micturition
release of urine from the body
what is the usual amount of urine released per day
2.5 liters
where is the micturition center
sacral area
what is the science behind the sensation you feel when you have to urinate
pressure of bladder on cauda equina (nerves)
what are diarrhetic
chemicals that increase micturition
examples of diarrhetics
coffee, tea, lasix
nephrons
microscopic filtering units in the kidneys
glomerulus
clumps of capillaries (filtration) works w/ bomans capsule
how much water does the loop of henle reabsorb
119 liters out of 120
what happens if the loop of henle is not working
dehydration
describe the filtration process of blood
dirty blood enters through the renal artery, goes into the bomans capsule, the bomans and glomerulus have tug of war which causes filtration, it goes down to the loop of henle, water is reabsorbed, then the clean blood goes into the renal vein
