excretory problems Flashcards
kidney stones
hardened urea in the ureters, bladder
how do you “cure” kidney stones
lithotripsy (laser)
diuresis
high out put of urine (not bad)
gout
crystals of urea in the big toe joint (sand)
what causes jout
high protein diet
nickname for gout
richmans disease
kidney failure
kidneys stop filtering blood
another name for kidney failure
renal failure
symptoms of kidney failure
swollen ankles
dialysis
artificial filtering of blood (cant do it forever)
nephroptosis
“floating kidneys”; inferior displacement, dropping of the kidneys
what causes nephroptosis
thin people with deficient adipose capsules (weight loss to fast?)
what can happen if nephroptosis occurs
ureter kinks and blocks urine flow (painful)
how many people die of urinary bladder cancer in the U.S.
12.000
who does urinary bladder cancer tend to affect
people over 50 and more females than males (3x)
primary sign of urinary bladder cancer
blood in urine, frequent urination, pain
cure rate of urinary bladder cancer
curable if identified early
how much of bladder cancer is confined
75%
where is 75% of bladder cancer confined to
epithelium (covering) easily removed by surgery; low chance for metastsis
possible causes of urinary bladder cancer
exposure to carcinogen, 50% smokers; exposure to chemicals called aromatic amines…. ex.) leather, dye, rubber, paint industries, dry cleaners
urinary incontinence
lack of voluntary control over micturition
who does urinary incontinence tend to affect
under 2-3 years old, old people
why is urinary incontinence a normal condition for under 2-3 year olds
neurons to external urethra sphincter are undeveloped
how many adults in the U.S. have urinary incontinence
10 million
how many people suffer have stress incontinence
1-2 million
stress incontinence
coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising
urinary incontinence causes
injury to nerves controllingbladder, loss of bladder flexibility with age, disease or irritation of bladder or urethra, drugs
who can 2x’s the risk of incontinence
smokers
