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ANAPHY LAB FINALS > Excretory System > Flashcards

Excretory System Flashcards

1
Q

Major organs of urinary system (4)

A

• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra
• kidneys

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2
Q

2 paired, bean shaped structures located just below the ribcage on either side of the spine. Organ that sorts the substances from the blood for either removal in the urine or return to the blood

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

Functional unit of kidney where blood filters

A

Nephron

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4
Q

A small muscular tubule lined with Transitional epithelium called Urothelium. Carries urine from the renal pelvis to urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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5
Q

Reservoir for urine. Can stretch to hold a large urine volume. Maximum is 1L and Noticeable discomfort is 500 mL. Lining is transitional epithelium capable of stretching

A

Urinary bladder

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6
Q

Fibromuscular tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body. Males _____ are longer than females

A

Urethra

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7
Q

Outer kidney region, which is lighter in color

A

Renal cortex

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8
Q

Deep to the cortex; a darker, reddish-brown color

A

Renal medulla

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9
Q

A relatively flat, basin like cavity that is continuous with the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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10
Q

Delivers blood to kidneys. Carries oxygenated blood

A

Renal arteries

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11
Q

Drains blood out of the kidneys

A

Renal vein

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12
Q

Filtration of blood takes place

A

Glomerulus

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13
Q

Fluid with waste products

A

Urine

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14
Q

Where glucose, amino acid, salts, water, and urea reabsorption occurs

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

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15
Q

What happens when umakyat fluid sa ascending loop of henle

A

Sodium chloride and urea reabsorption occurs

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16
Q

Sodium reabsorption repeats here

A

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

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17
Q

Water reabsorption occurs in

A

Collecting duct

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18
Q

Excess analytes that were not filtered out in glomerulus will go back to the tubules for them to be included in the urine. Creatinine, and drugs are removed from the peritubular blood and secreted by the tubule cells into the filtrate

A

Tubular secretion: H+, K+

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19
Q

Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the capillary walls and pores of the glomerular capsule into the renal tubule

A

Glomerular filtration

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20
Q

Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are transported out of the filtrate into the tubule cells and then enter the capillary blood

A

Tubular reabsorption

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21
Q

Color of urine that means recent fluid consumption. Inom nang inom

A

Colorless/straw

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22
Q

Patients na wala or hindi functional yung antidiuretic hormone. The water doesn’t get reabsorbed kaya lalabas lang nang lalabas

A

Diabetes insipidus

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23
Q

The antidiuretic hormone. Produced by posterior pituitary gland. Purpose is to absorb water

A

Vasopressin

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24
Q

Gustong ilabas ang glucose sa bloodstream kaya ihi nang ihi

A

Diabetes mellitus

25
Color of urine that indicates polyuria/diabetes insipidus, mellitus, and dilute random specimen
Pale yellow
26
Color of urine that indicates too much reabsorption of water, kulang sa water, many analytes. Indicates concentrated specimen, B complex vitamin intake, dehydration, and bilirubin presence (jaundice, liver disorder
Dark yellow
27
Medications for UTI
Phenazopyridine and Phenindione
28
Color of urine indicating intake of Phenazopyridine or Phenindione
Orange-yellow
29
Color of urine that indicates Pseudomonas infection
Green
30
Color of urine that indicates hemoglobin (RBC contamination), myoglobin (protein seen in skeletal muscle), eating beets, drinking Rifampin (medication), and menstrual contamination
Red
31
Color of urine that indicates Porphyrin
Port wine
32
Disease that causes Port Wine urine color
Porphyria
33
Color of urine that indicates Homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria) or malignant melanoma
Brown/black
34
Urine clarity indicating no visible particulates, transparent
Clear
35
Urine clarity indicating few particulates, print easily through urine
Hazy
36
Urine clarity indicating many particulates, print blurred through urine
Cloudy
37
Urine clarity indicating that print cannot be seen through urine
Turbid
38
Urine clarity indicating may precipitate or be clotted
Milky
39
Nonpathologic (Normal) Causes of Urine Turbidity (8)
• squamous epithelial cells • mucus • amorphous, phosphates, carbonates, urates • semen, spermatozoa • fecal contamination • radiographic contrast media • talcum powder • vaginal creams
40
Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity (8)
• RBCs • WBCs • Bacteria • Yeast • Nonsquamous epithelial cells • Abnormal crystals • Lymph fluid • Lipids
41
Stick is dipped in urine to check for the color changes. Consists of a chemical impregnated absorbent pads attached to a plastic strip. A color-producing chemical reaction takes place when the absorbent pad comes in contact with urine and this is interpreted by comparing the color produced with a chart supplied by the manufacturer with a required time frame
Reagent strip
42
Specified amount of time for the reaction to occur in Protein
60 sec
43
Specified amount of time for the reaction to occur in Glucose
30 sec
44
Specified amount of time for the reaction to occur in pH
60 sec
45
Specified amount of time for the reaction to occur in specific gravity
45 sec
46
4 parameter strip
• pH • protein • glucose • specific gravity
47
First morning specimen
5.0-6.0 (slightly acidic)
48
Normal random samples
4.5-8.0
49
Freshly collected urine does not reach
>8.5 in physiological and pathological conditions
50
pH>8.5 means ?
Improperly preserved specimen
51
Protein error of indicator is sensitive only to
Albumin
52
Most frequently performed chemical analysis on urine
Glucose
53
Renal threshold of glucose
160-180 mg/dL
54
Diabetes monitoring: specimens are collected ___ hours after meals
2
55
Principle of Glucose
Glucose oxidase reaction/double sequential enzyme rxn
56
Density of a solution compared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature
Specific gravity. Measures only ionic solutes
57
Higher urine concentration means
More hydrogen ions released means Low pH
58
No renal concentrating ability and hyposthenuria means
Low specific gravity
59

ANAPHY LAB FINALS (5 decks)

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