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ANAPHY LAB FINALS > Excretory System > Flashcards

Excretory System Flashcards

1
Q

Major organs of urinary system (4)

A

• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra
• kidneys

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2
Q

2 paired, bean shaped structures located just below the ribcage on either side of the spine. Organ that sorts the substances from the blood for either removal in the urine or return to the blood

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

Functional unit of kidney where blood filters

A

Nephron

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4
Q

A small muscular tubule lined with Transitional epithelium called Urothelium. Carries urine from the renal pelvis to urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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5
Q

Reservoir for urine. Can stretch to hold a large urine volume. Maximum is 1L and Noticeable discomfort is 500 mL. Lining is transitional epithelium capable of stretching

A

Urinary bladder

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6
Q

Fibromuscular tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body. Males _____ are longer than females

A

Urethra

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7
Q

Outer kidney region, which is lighter in color

A

Renal cortex

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8
Q

Deep to the cortex; a darker, reddish-brown color

A

Renal medulla

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9
Q

A relatively flat, basin like cavity that is continuous with the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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10
Q

Delivers blood to kidneys. Carries oxygenated blood

A

Renal arteries

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11
Q

Drains blood out of the kidneys

A

Renal vein

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12
Q

Filtration of blood takes place

A

Glomerulus

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13
Q

Fluid with waste products

A

Urine

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14
Q

Where glucose, amino acid, salts, water, and urea reabsorption occurs

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

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15
Q

What happens when umakyat fluid sa ascending loop of henle

A

Sodium chloride and urea reabsorption occurs

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16
Q

Sodium reabsorption repeats here

A

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

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17
Q

Water reabsorption occurs in

A

Collecting duct

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18
Q

Excess analytes that were not filtered out in glomerulus will go back to the tubules for them to be included in the urine. Creatinine, and drugs are removed from the peritubular blood and secreted by the tubule cells into the filtrate

A

Tubular secretion: H+, K+

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19
Q

Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the capillary walls and pores of the glomerular capsule into the renal tubule

A

Glomerular filtration

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20
Q

Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are transported out of the filtrate into the tubule cells and then enter the capillary blood

A

Tubular reabsorption

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21
Q

Color of urine that means recent fluid consumption. Inom nang inom

A

Colorless/straw

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22
Q

Patients na wala or hindi functional yung antidiuretic hormone. The water doesn’t get reabsorbed kaya lalabas lang nang lalabas

A

Diabetes insipidus

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23
Q

The antidiuretic hormone. Produced by posterior pituitary gland. Purpose is to absorb water

A

Vasopressin

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24
Q

Gustong ilabas ang glucose sa bloodstream kaya ihi nang ihi

A

Diabetes mellitus

25
Q

Color of urine that indicates polyuria/diabetes insipidus, mellitus, and dilute random specimen

A

Pale yellow

26
Q

Color of urine that indicates too much reabsorption of water, kulang sa water, many analytes. Indicates concentrated specimen, B complex vitamin intake, dehydration, and bilirubin presence (jaundice, liver disorder

A

Dark yellow

27
Q

Medications for UTI

A

Phenazopyridine and Phenindione

28
Q

Color of urine indicating intake of Phenazopyridine or Phenindione

A

Orange-yellow

29
Q

Color of urine that indicates Pseudomonas infection

A

Green

30
Q

Color of urine that indicates hemoglobin (RBC contamination), myoglobin (protein seen in skeletal muscle), eating beets, drinking Rifampin (medication), and menstrual contamination

A

Red

31
Q

Color of urine that indicates Porphyrin

A

Port wine

32
Q

Disease that causes Port Wine urine color

A

Porphyria

33
Q

Color of urine that indicates Homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria) or malignant melanoma

A

Brown/black

34
Q

Urine clarity indicating no visible particulates, transparent

A

Clear

35
Q

Urine clarity indicating few particulates, print easily through urine

A

Hazy

36
Q

Urine clarity indicating many particulates, print blurred through urine

A

Cloudy

37
Q

Urine clarity indicating that print cannot be seen through urine

A

Turbid

38
Q

Urine clarity indicating may precipitate or be clotted

A

Milky

39
Q

Nonpathologic (Normal) Causes of Urine Turbidity (8)

A

• squamous epithelial cells
• mucus
• amorphous, phosphates, carbonates, urates
• semen, spermatozoa
• fecal contamination
• radiographic contrast media
• talcum powder
• vaginal creams

40
Q

Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity (8)

A

• RBCs
• WBCs
• Bacteria
• Yeast
• Nonsquamous epithelial cells
• Abnormal crystals
• Lymph fluid
• Lipids

41
Q

Stick is dipped in urine to check for the color changes. Consists of a chemical impregnated absorbent pads attached to a plastic strip. A color-producing chemical reaction takes place when the absorbent pad comes in contact with urine and this is interpreted by comparing the color produced with a chart supplied by the manufacturer with a required time frame

A

Reagent strip

42
Q

Specified amount of time for the reaction to occur in Protein

A

60 sec

43
Q

Specified amount of time for the reaction to occur in Glucose

A

30 sec

44
Q

Specified amount of time for the reaction to occur in pH

A

60 sec

45
Q

Specified amount of time for the reaction to occur in specific gravity

A

45 sec

46
Q

4 parameter strip

A

• pH
• protein
• glucose
• specific gravity

47
Q

First morning specimen

A

5.0-6.0 (slightly acidic)

48
Q

Normal random samples

A

4.5-8.0

49
Q

Freshly collected urine does not reach

A

> 8.5 in physiological and pathological conditions

50
Q

pH>8.5 means ?

A

Improperly preserved specimen

51
Q

Protein error of indicator is sensitive only to

A

Albumin

52
Q

Most frequently performed chemical analysis on urine

A

Glucose

53
Q

Renal threshold of glucose

A

160-180 mg/dL

54
Q

Diabetes monitoring: specimens are collected ___ hours after meals

A

2

55
Q

Principle of Glucose

A

Glucose oxidase reaction/double sequential enzyme rxn

56
Q

Density of a solution compared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature

A

Specific gravity. Measures only ionic solutes

57
Q

Higher urine concentration means

A

More hydrogen ions released means Low pH

58
Q

No renal concentrating ability and hyposthenuria means

A

Low specific gravity

59
Q
A

ANAPHY LAB FINALS (5 decks)

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