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ANAPHY LAB FINALS > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive/Alimentary Tract (7)

A

• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large Intestine
• Anus

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2
Q

Accessory Organs (6)

A

• Teeth
• Tongue
• Salivary Glands
• Liver
• Pancreas
• Gallbladder

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3
Q

It is a tube extending from the mouth to the anus also called Gastrointestinal tract/Alimentary tract

A

Digestive tract

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4
Q

These organs are primarily glands that secrete fluids into the digestive tract

A

Accessory Organs

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5
Q

Performs the vital tasks of transporting food into chemicals that cells can use for energy. Breaks down food into its simplest components after which it absorbs the components so they can be distributed equally throughout the body

A

Digestive system

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6
Q

Study of digestive tract or diagnosis of its diseases is called

A

Gastroenterology

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7
Q

Functions of Digestive system (8)

A

• ingestion
• mastication
• propulsion (swallowing, peristalsis, mass movements)
• mixing
• secretion
• digestion
• absorption
• elimination

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8
Q

Intake of solid or liquid into the stomach

A

Ingestion

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9
Q

Normal route of ingestion is through

A

Oral cavity

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10
Q

Is the process by which the teeth chew food in the mouth. The start of mechanical digestion in the process of digestion.

A

Mastication

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11
Q

We masticate because

A

Digestive enzymes cannot easily penetrate solid food particles. They can only work effectively if the particles are or if the food is in a particulate state

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12
Q

Movement of food from one end to the other

A

Propulsion

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13
Q

Total time it takes for food to travel the length of the digestive tract is usually

A

24-36 hours

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14
Q

Swallowing is also known as

A

Deglutition

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15
Q

Movement of liquids or a soft mass of food and liquid called the bolus from the oral cavity to the esophagus. Done voluntarily

A

Swallowing

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16
Q

Mixture of masticated food and digestive enzymes/salivary enzymes

A

Bolus

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17
Q

Muscular contractions that propels materials through most of digestive tract. Consists of a wave of relaxation of the circular muscles followed by a wave of strong contraction of the circular muscles behind the bolus

A

Peristalsis

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18
Q

Movement that produces peristalsis is

A

Peristaltic waves

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19
Q

Contractions that move materials in some parts of the large intestine to the anus

A

Mass movements

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20
Q

Some contractions do not propel food from one end of the digestive tract to the other but rather move it back and forth within the digestive tract to mix it with secretions and help break it into smaller pieces

A

Mixing

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21
Q

As food moves to the digestive tract secretions are added to help it lubricate, liquefy buffer and digest the food as it moves through the digestive tract.

A

Secretion

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22
Q

Secretion called ______ that is distributed throughout the digestive tract. Function is to lubricate the lining of the tract. It also has the function to protect the epithelial cells of the digestive tract from mechanical abrasion caused by food and stomach acid and digestive enzymes

A

Mucus or mucin

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23
Q

Breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts. Example we have carbohydrates into monosaccharides, proteins into amino acids, triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol

A

Digestion

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24
Q

One unit of sugars only

A

Monosaccharides

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25
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Involves the mastication and mixing of food by your peristaltic waves/movements

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26
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Accomplished by digestive enzymes secreted along the digestive tract

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27
Q

Movement of molecules out of digestive tract and into the blood or lymphatic system. It occurs by the type of molecule involved

A

Absorption

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28
Q

The process by which the waste products of digestion are removed from the body. During this process, which occurs primarily in the large intestine, water and salts are reabsorbed and changing the material in the digestive tract from liquefy to semi solid, this semi solid waste is called feces

A

Elimination

29
Q

Feces are eliminated through the process of

A

Defecation

30
Q

Gastrointestinal tract is composed of 4 tissues

A

• mucosa
• submucosa
• muscularis
• serosa

31
Q

Innermost layer. Consists of 3 layers of its own. Function is the secretion of mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones, absorption of end products and protection against infectious diseases

A

Mucosa

32
Q

3 layers of mucosa

A

• layer of loose connective tissue aka lamina propria
• thin layer of smooth muscle aka muscularis mucosae
• inner layer of epithelium

33
Q

Thicker layer of connective tissue and it contains glands, blood vessel, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

A

Submucosa

34
Q

Absorb and transports nutrients and some elastic fibers help maintain each of the organ

A

Blood vessels

35
Q

Regularly contracts and relaxes to propel the food and it usually consists of two layers of smooth muscle: an inner layer encircles the tract and an outer layer that runs longitudinally

A

Muscularis or Muscularis externa

36
Q

Segmentation and peristalsis of digested food along the tract are regulated by the

A

Myenteric nerve plexus

37
Q

Outermost layer and covers the portion of the digestive tract within peritoneal cavity. Reduces the friction as the digestive system organs slide across one another

A

Serosa or visceral peritoneum

38
Q

Attaches/anchors them (stomach and intestine) in place. Layer of visceral peritoneum that suspends the digestive organs within the abdominal cavity while also anchoring them loosely to the abdominal walls. They have their own blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes that supply the digestive tract. Contributes to the immune system for the digestive tract

A

Mesentery

39
Q

Accumulated fluid in peritoneal cavity is called

A

Ascides

40
Q

Oral or buccal cavity. Surrounded by lips and bordered on each side to the by the cheeks. The edgy way to the digestive tract and where the digestion begins. Both mechanical and chemical digestion occurs here

A

Mouth

41
Q

Muscular structures formed by the orbicularis oris muscle and connective tissue. Protects the anterior opening of the oral cavity

A

Lips

42
Q

Forms the floor of the mouth. It repositions the food in the mouth during chewing. Contains taste buds with projections called lingual papillae. Skeletal muscles covered by a mucous membrane contains lingual papillae

A

Tongue

43
Q

Formed by portions of the maxillae and palatine bones. Separates the mouth from the nasal cavity

A

Hard palate

44
Q

Consists mostly of skeletal muscles and forms an arch between the mouth and nasopharynx

A

Soft palate

45
Q

Finger like projection of soft palate and extends inferiorly from its posterior marking. Come shaped process. Hangs downward from the soft palate

A

Uvula

46
Q

Straight line below the tongue. Anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Fold of mucous membrane and it consists of numerous superficial blood vessels that populate the floor of the mouth

A

Lingual frenulum

47
Q

Digestion begins when food enters the mouth and is chewed; a process called mastication. Also allows food to become moistened with saliva

A

Teeth

48
Q

How many permanent or secondary teeth does the adult mouth have

A

32

49
Q

2 dental arches

A

• maxillary arch
• mandibular arch

50
Q

4 types of teeth

A

• incisor
• canine
• premolars
• molars

51
Q

On the upper teeth on one side we have:

A

2 incisor
1 canine
2 premolars
3 molars

If in total:
4 incisors
2 canines
4 premolars
6 molars

52
Q

3rd molar is called _____. They usually appear in the late twenties or teens. When a person is old enough to acquire wisdom. Referred to as impacted and may cause pain or irritation. They are removed surgically

A

Wisdom teeth

53
Q

Before permanent teeth, we have _______ its term is deciduous teeth. Usually erupt beginning about 6 months and they usually emerge upon the age of 2 and 1 half years. But when we are at the age of 6 and 13 years old, they are shedded by the body and replaced by permanent teeth

A

Baby or milk teeth or primary teeth

54
Q

Tricel shaped and insert a sheering action used in biting. Have sharp edges for cutting food

A

Incisors

55
Q

Cone shaped teeth used for tearing food

A

Canine teeth

56
Q

Have two cusps or grinding surfaces

A

Premolars

57
Q

Have a broad crown with a rounded cusps specialized for fine grinding of food

A

Molars

58
Q

Have large, flat surfaces for crushing or grinding

A

Premolars and molars

59
Q

Tooth anatomy (8)

A

• crown
• neck
• root
• enamel
• dentin
• pulp cavity
• periodontal ligament
• cementum

60
Q

Portion of tooth above the gum. Visible portion of teeth.

A

Crown

61
Q

Serves as a boundary between the tooth and crown. Mixture or connection between the teeth and gums

A

Neck

62
Q

Unseen. Is the embedded portion of tooth inside the bone.

A

Root

63
Q

Majority of crown surface is covered by ______. Consists of 95-97% of inorganic calcium salts and it is the one that covers the crown

A

Enamel

64
Q

Yellowish tissue. Composes the bulk of the tooth. Bone Like material interior to the enamel and cementum. Usually has odontoblast.

A

Dentin

65
Q

Specialized cells that produce and maintain the dentin

A

Odontoblast

66
Q

Surrounds the dentin. Contains connective tissues, blood, lymphatic vessels and nerves which is also known as pulp. Where odontoblast comes from

A

Pulp cavity

67
Q

Holds the tooth in the tooth socket and exerts a cushioning effect

A

Periodontal ligament

68
Q

One that cements or attaches the tooth to the periodontal ligament. Lines/covers the root of the tooth.

A

Cementum

69
Q

Secrete saliva. Moistens the mouth and lubricates and protects the teeth. Moisten food and transform it into a mass called bolus

A

Salivary glands

ANAPHY LAB FINALS (5 decks)

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