EXCRETION PP PT1 Flashcards
Balancing the levels of water and salts in the body is?
Osmoregulation
The osmoregulatory system of an animal that functions to remove metabolic wastes from the body is?
Excretion
Excretion is the removal of cellular waste, with the goal of maintaining homeostasis (T/F)
true
The most important waste products are CO2, nitrogen compounds and salts. (T/F)
true
Nitrogen compounds are produced by breakdown of amino acids (protein digestion) (T/F)
true
Salts are produced by metabolic processes (T/F)
true
what Result from breakdown of nucleic acids and amino acids
Nitrogenous Waste Products
Amino groups are removed and join with H+ to form ammonia which requires
little energy
Ammonia is toxic but
water soluble
Bony fishes, aquatic invertebrates and amphibians excrete ____through gills and skin surfaces
ammonia
land animals dilute ammonia with water and filters it through the kidneys; water is lost in the process and it requires energy
Urea
not very toxic- insoluble; an adaptation as animals evolved to live on land; little water is lost, so the nitrogen waste excreted as a solid (reptiles, birds, insects); also requires expenditure of energy
uric acid
Most animals have tubular excretory organs
Regulate the water-salt balance of the body
Excrete metabolic wastes into the environment (T/F)
true
cilia tufted cells located in branching excretory tubules in planaria; function to excrete excess water and wastes to the outside via excretory pores
Flame cells
-paired tubules in almost every segment of an earthworm form urine containing metabolic wastes, salts and water
Nephridia
Malpighian tubules in insects remove metabolic wastes and water from hemolymph; water is reabsorbed at the rectum and uric acid is excreted from the aus.
(T/F)?
true
Water tends to move into the region with the lowest___
water concentration
Passive
osmosis
filter out excess water and urea
kidneys
filter out carbon dioxide, CO2, from the blood.
lungs
excretes water, as sweat, which contains some trace chemical wastes, including urea.
skin
are tubes that carry urine from the pelvis of the kidneys to the urinary bladder
ureters
temporarily stores urine until it is released from the body
urinary bladder
is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
urethra
The outer end of the urethra is controlled by a circular muscle called a sphincter (T/F)
true
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney( there are ~1 million in your kidney) (T/F)
Secretes wastes as urine; drain to bladder
true
Kidneys filters out water, urea, salt, glucose, amino acids. (T/F)
true
The body’s entire volume of blood is filtered every 45 min (T/F)
true
UTI-
urinary tract infection
bladder infx; urethritis-infx of urethra
Cystitis
Kidney infx
pyelonephritis
deposits of uric acid crystals in tissues
gout
deposits of Ca and other minerals; block drainage of urine from kidney
Kidney stones
loss of kidney function; dialysis or transplant needed
Kidney disease
Kidenys reabsorbs nutrient molecules the body needs (Na, K, Ca, etc) and water (T/F)
true
