Excretion learnsmart

Question 1

Excretion is a process in which ____ is (are) removed from the body

Answer 1

metabolic wastes

Question 2

Nitrogenous wastes are primarily produced by

Answer 2

breakdown of amino acids.

Question 3

The nitrogenous waste material of an embryo that accumulates inside the eggshell of a bird or reptile is

Answer 3

uric acid.

Question 4

A very highly soluble nitrogenous waste, excreted into water by bony fishes, aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic amphibians is

Answer 4

ammonia.

Question 5

The main nitrogenous waste excreted by terrestrial amphibians and mammals is

Answer 5

urea.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product produced by the excretory systems of animals?

ammonia
urea
uric acid
bile pigments

Answer 6

bile pirgments

Question 7

The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it. How many major “connections” must be cut in transplant surgery for one kidney?

Answer 7

three: the renal artery and vein and the ureter

Question 8

The urinary bladder is useful because it

Answer 8

stores urine to prevent constant urination.

Question 9

Over 1 million of these microscopic units produce urine in the kidneys.

Answer 9

nephron

Question 10

Nutrient molecules are taken back into the blood from the urinary filtrate by means of

Answer 10

tubular reabsorption.

Question 11

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Answer 11

glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

Question 12

Which would be an indication of kidney failure?

Answer 12

large amount of protein in the urine

Question 13

When people have health issues associated with their kidneys doctors may prescribe diuretic drugs. Why would someone with high blood pressure be prescribed these drugs?

Answer 13

Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped.

Question 14

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Answer 14

increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood.

Question 15

Which of the following nitrogenous waste products is secreted by organisms that live in water and have body surfaces in direct contact with water?

Answer 15

Ammonia

Question 16

When ________ and _________ are broken down excess nitrogen is released that must be eliminated by the excretory system.

Answer 16

amino acids & nucleic acids

Question 17

If the ureter was blocked due to the development of a tumor preventing the normal flow of urine, which region of the kidney would be impacted first?

Answer 17

collecting duct

Question 18

Beyond maintaining water balance in the blood, the kidneys do? (3)

Answer 18

maintain blood volume.
aid in regulation of blood pressure.
help to maintain the blood pH.

Question 19

The kidneys filter all of the blood within the human body in about 40 minutes. (T/F)

Answer 19

true

Question 20

The human kidney has an outer cortex, an inner medulla, and a renal pelvis that collects and stores urine before it leaves the kidney. (T/F)

Answer 20

true