Excretion

Question 1

Cl = ?

Answer 1

clearance

Question 2

Definition of Renal Clearance (Clr)

Answer 2

the volume of plasma that is freed of the substance (drug) per unit of time

Question 3

Clr doesn’t mean anything by itself, need to put it into context with ____

Answer 3

GFR

Question 4

What is the formula for Clr (renal clearance)?

Answer 4

Clr = Excretion rate of drug/[drug]plasma

Clr = [drug]urine x F/[drug]plasma

F = urine flow rate

Question 5

What 3 things is GFR determined by?

Answer 5

1) PAH
2) Creatinin
3) Inulin

*Inulin is the best one

Question 6

Cl(inulin) = ??

Answer 6

GFR

Question 7

If renal clearance and GFR are equal (or close to equal) what does this mean?

Answer 7

• Just filtration
• No secretion
• No reabsorption

Question 8

If renal clearance is a lot higher than GFR, what does this mean?

Answer 8

• Filtration

- Secretion

Question 9

If renal clearance is a lot lower than GFR, what does this mean?

Answer 9

• Filtration
• Reabsorption

*probably a transporter there grabbing it and pushing it back into the blood

Question 10

Bile flow = ____ mL/min

Answer 10

0.5-0.8

Question 11

Clb = ?j

Answer 11

bile clearance

Question 12

Clb could approach ??

Answer 12

500 mL/min

Question 13

What does that tell you if the Clb can equal 500 mL/min but bile flow is only 0.5-0.8 mL/min?

Answer 13

that a lot is being excreted

Question 14

MW < 300 = ____ excretion

Answer 14

urinary

Question 15

MW > 300 = ____ excretion

Answer 15

biliary

Question 16

List some examples of drugs excreted in the bile

Answer 16

• morphine
• digitoxin
• bile acids
• steroids

Question 17

Describe enterohepatic recirculation

Answer 17

• Tablet enters small intestine
• Heads to superior Mesenteric Vein
• Portal Vein
• Liver (where glucuronidation takes place)
• Common Bile duct
• Back to small intestine

Question 18

Equivalence

Answer 18

compares one drug product to another

Question 19

Pharmaceutical equivalents

Answer 19

drug products that contain the same active ingredient and are identical in strength of concentration dosage form, and route of administration

Question 20

Pharmaceutical alternatives

Answer 20

drug products that contain the same therapeutic moiety but as different salts, esters, or complexes (parent compound is the same)

Question 21

Bioequivalent drug products

Answer 21

are pharmaceutical equivalents that have similar bioavilailbility when given in the same molar dose and studied using similar experimental conditions

Question 22

Equivalency depends on the ______

Answer 22

condition

ex. hypertension, then the examples were equivalent because it is not life threatening
ex. cardiac arrest, the examples were not equivalent because this is a time-sensitive issue

Question 23

Once you reach a ____ ____, a single dose is equivalent to a multiple dose

Answer 23

steady state

Question 24

After __ half-lives, you will not have a drug interaction

Answer 24

3