Absorption Flashcards
Biopharmaceutics
Relationship between the physical and chemical properties of a drug in a dosage form and the pharmacologic response after administration
What 5 factors is biopharmaceutics dependent upon?
1) chemical nature
2) physical state
3) type of dosage form
4) presence/absence of excipients
5) pharmaceutical process
Pharmacokinetics
Study and characterization of the time course of the drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). The relationship of these processes to the intensity and time course of the therapeutic and adverse effects of drugs.
Bioavailability
Rate and extent (amount) to which a drug is absorbed from a drug product into the body or to the site of action
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
The application of pharmacokinetic methods in drug therapy. It involves a multidisciplinary approach to individually optimized dosing strategies based on the patient’s disease start and patient-specific considerations
Pharmcodynamics
Refers to the relationship between drug concentration at the site of action (receptor) and pharmacologic response
Absorption
factors affecting drug absorption (transport processes, pH, lipophilicity, particle size, first-pass effect); factors affecting dissolution rate
Distribution
body fluid compartments, tissue distribution, protein-binding
Metabolism
phase 1 and 2 reactions, Michaelis-Menton (phenytoin), genetics, age, disease states, drug interactions
Excretion
renal clearance (filtration, secretion, reabsorption), enterohepatic circulation, biliary clearance
Bioavailability and Bioequivalence
methodology for measuring (experimental design, statistical considerations), relative and absolute bioavailability
Read chart on page 4
okay
Excretion is done by the _____
kidneys
Metabolism is done by the ______
liver
How do lipophilic drugs get across the membrane?
- use diffusion to cross membrane
- once it passes, it’s in an aqueous environment
How do hydrophilic drugs get across the membrane?
-transport proteins to cross the membrane
______ = plasmid protein that binds a lot of drugs
albumin
Overall rate of absorption is faster in capsule or tablet?
capsule
Relative pH of stomach?
1-3
Relative pH of small intestine?
5-7
Relative pH of large intestine?
7-8
Tablet has _____ dissolution rate.
very limited
Granules have ____ dissolution rate.
limited
Very small particles from a capsule have _____ dissolution rate.
optimal