Exchange and Transport Flashcards
What is diffusion?
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What do substances use diffusion for?
move into and out of living cells.
What does concentration gradient mean?
the difference in the concentration of a chemical across a membrane
What are exchange surfaces?
organs or structure where substances pass across
What are features of exchange surfaces?
large surface area
short diffusion distance
What does ventilation mean?
breathing in and out
What is an alveoli?
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas is exchanged during breathing
What are the characteristics of alveoli?
alveoli are adapted for efficient gas exchange because they have a large surface area
What are tiny air sacs in the lungs called?
Alveoli
What is blood made from?
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets in plasma
What are features of red blood cells?
no nucleus
biconcave shape
thin
What are white blood cells apart of?
the immune system
What is plasma?
the liquid part and transport CO2, hormones, antibodies and urea
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
arteries
veins
capillaries
Where do arteries carry blood?
away from the heart under high pressure
Where do veins carry blood to?
to the heart under low pressure
What do capillaries do?
connect the smallest branches of arteries and veins.
what are four chambers of the heart?
two atria
two ventricles
where does blood enter the heart?
the atria
how is back flow prevented into the atria?
the heart valves
where does blood leave the heart from?
the aorta from the left
pulmonary artery from the right
What is the ventricle?
the lower chamber of the heart that receives blood from the atrium and pumps it into the arteries.
What are the arteries?
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
What ensures blood flows one way through the circulatory system?
valves
aorta
veins
