Exchange and Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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2
Q

What do substances use diffusion for?

A

move into and out of living cells.

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3
Q

What does concentration gradient mean?

A

the difference in the concentration of a chemical across a membrane

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4
Q

What are exchange surfaces?

A

organs or structure where substances pass across

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5
Q

What are features of exchange surfaces?

A

large surface area
short diffusion distance

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6
Q

What does ventilation mean?

A

breathing in and out

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7
Q

What is an alveoli?

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas is exchanged during breathing

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of alveoli?

A

alveoli are adapted for efficient gas exchange because they have a large surface area

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9
Q

What are tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

A

Alveoli

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10
Q

What is blood made from?

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets in plasma

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11
Q

What are features of red blood cells?

A

no nucleus
biconcave shape
thin

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12
Q

What are white blood cells apart of?

A

the immune system

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13
Q

What is plasma?

A

the liquid part and transport CO2, hormones, antibodies and urea

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14
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

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15
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

away from the heart under high pressure

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16
Q

Where do veins carry blood to?

A

to the heart under low pressure

17
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

connect the smallest branches of arteries and veins.

18
Q

what are four chambers of the heart?

A

two atria
two ventricles

19
Q

where does blood enter the heart?

A

the atria

20
Q

how is back flow prevented into the atria?

A

the heart valves

21
Q

where does blood leave the heart from?

A

the aorta from the left
pulmonary artery from the right

22
Q

What is the ventricle?

A

the lower chamber of the heart that receives blood from the atrium and pumps it into the arteries.

23
Q

What are the arteries?

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

24
Q

What ensures blood flows one way through the circulatory system?

A

valves
aorta
veins

25
Q

What is energy needed for?

A

active transport
muscle contracting
cell division
synthesising of proteins

26
Q

What is respiration?

A

a series of chemical reactions where energy is released from glucose

27
Q

What does aerobic responses use?

A

oxygen

28
Q

What is the formula for Aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

29
Q

What is the anaerobic respiration formula?

A

glucose -> carbon dioxide +lactic acid

30
Q

What does anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

31
Q

What is Cardiac output?

A

the total volume of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per minute

32
Q

What is the formula for Cardiac output?

A

stroke volume x heart rate

33
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

A

the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle each time the heart beats

34
Q

What is heart rate?

A

the number of beats per minute