EXAMMMMMMM >.< Flashcards
wHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEIOSIS VS MITOSIS
Mit.: somatic, 2 diploid cells, clone cells, 1 division
Meio.: germ, 4 haploid gametes, unique gametes, 2 divisions
What is it called when DNA makes a copy of itself
replication
When does replication happen?
S phase of interphase
What is 2n=46
46: chromosome number
2n: diploid cell number
What is the union of haploid gametes called? ;)
fertilization
WHat are the 22 normal chromosomes called?
autosomes
WHa is the other 1 chromosome called
sex chromosomes
What are the three sources of genetic variation
random fertilization, crossing over, independent assortment
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase 1
What happens in anaphase 1 vs. 2?
1.: homologous pairs separating 2.:sister chromatids separating
Study of inheritance
genetics
Mendel’s 4 contributes
- There are factors that are passed down from parents to offspring
- these factors occur in pairs
- dominant genes mask the recessive genes
- factors are seperated during gamete formation
codominance
both traits are expressed
incomplete dominance
mix of the two traits
how does trisomy one occur
nondisjunction
Biotechnology
the use of living things and/or their parents to make something useful to mankind
What is a complete set of chromosomes in an organism?
genome
What is the feild of science that organised the genome
bioinformatics
What is an exact genetic duplicate?
a clone
What is somatic cell nuclear transfer used for
cloning
WHat are some usses for DNA fingerprinting?
identifying criminals, identifying fathers, i dentifying corpses or remains, using family DNA to se who the dead person is
WHat are the uses of recombinant DNA
insulin, Pesticide, herbacide
What cuts the DNA to make recombinant DNA
restriction enzymes
Where do restriciton enzymes come from?
bacteria, to fight off viruses
What is PCR
umakes copies of DNA
What was the goal of the human genome project?
to map out all of the genes on chromosomes in the human body. To determine which genes are there and where they are, and what they code for?
Microevolution
small changes in alelle frequencies in a population over time
What are the 3 things that cause microevolution
natural selection, gene flow., genetic drift
allopatric speciation
different country
sympatric speciation
different country
2 pillars of darwins theory
Decent with modification from a common ancestor, natural selection is the means by which decent with modification occurs
