Biology 2: test 2. :/ Flashcards
What is it called when there are two different alleles and they both get expressed in the offspring? Example
Co-dominance, cows chickens, blood types a and b
IWhat is it called when one gene blocks the xpression of all genes
epistasis
How did Mendell get lucky?
pea plants don’t blend, there were only two options for phenotypes, all genes were located on different chromosomes which lead him to discover independent assortment
Monohybrid vs. dihybrid
m: hybrids crossed looking at 1 trait. d: 2 traits
What is it called when one gene has many effects in an organism?
pleiotropy
How is skin color determined
polygenic inheritance
What are these called?
possible genes in the male and female gametes
What does it mean if a person is a carrier?
heterozygous and carry the recessive gene
How is human blood type controlled
Multiple alleles
What did the pairs of pennies represent
the alleles present at fertilization.
Alelle
alternate forms of genes at the same time on the Homologous chromosomes
Test cross
something we can do when we don’t know the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. we bread it with a homozygous recessive individual and look at the offspring
A blending of two traits is called, example
incomplete dominance, snapdragons
Rabbit color is controlled by
genes at several locations on the chromosomes
hybrid
the bringing together of 2 different things
monohybrid cross
simple punnett square, crossed two parents looking at one trait
Dihybrid cross
cross parents looking at 2 traits at one time, how mendel discovered independent assortment
incomplete dominance
2 different genes together, there is a blending of their phenotypes
Codominance
both genes are expressed fully
Multiple Alleles
more than 2 possible alleles for a particular trait
Pleiotropy
one gene has multiple phenotypic effects in the organism
example of pleiotropy
sickle cell anemia- change in DNA, red blood cell is deformed
Epistasis
a gene having an effect on the other gene effect: phenotypic expression of a gene at a second location
Polygenic Inheritance
groups (at least 3) of genes working together. if all genes are dominant very very dark. if all are recessive very very white.
Multifactoral Characters
traits that are effected by both genes and the environment
pedegree
family history
Amniocentesis
the liquid that the fetis bathes in is removed and tested
Chlorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
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