Examination findings and Diseases

Question 1

How are the following affected for a pneumothorax?:

• Expansion
• Trachea (+ which way)
• Percussion
• Breath sounds
• Vocal resonance

Answer 1

Reduced expansion

Tracheal deviation - away - tension P

if one side of the chest cavity has an increase in pressure (such as in the case of a pneumothorax) the trachea will shift towards the opposing side.

Hyperresonant percussion

Reduced BS

Reduced vocal resonance

Question 2

How are the following affected for pleural effusion?:

• Expansion
• Trachea (+ which way)
• Percussion
• Breath sounds
• Vocal resonance

Answer 2

Reduced expansion

Tracheal deviation - away - massive effusion

if one side of the chest cavity has an increase in pressure the trachea will shift towards the opposing side.

Dull percussion

Reduced BS

Reduced vocal resonance

Question 3

How are the following affected for lobar collapse?:

• Expansion
• Trachea (+ which way)
• Percussion
• Breath sounds
• Vocal resonance

Answer 3

Reduced expansion

Tracheal deviation - towards

Dull percussion - alveoli have collapsed on one another thats why - not the same as pneumothorax or effusion

THERE IS INCREASED TISSUE DENSITY

Reduced BS

Increased vocal resonance

Question 4

How are the following affected for consolidation?:

• Expansion
• Percussion
• Breath sounds
• Type of crackles
• Vocal resonance

Answer 4

Reduced expansion

Dull percussion

Increased BS

In the presence of consolidation or cavitation there is less filtration and attenuation of the sounds produced in the large airways, so that the sounds heard over the chest wall are similar to those heard over large air passages such as the trachea.

Coarse late inspiratory crackles

Increased vocal resonance

Question 5

How are the following affected for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?:

• Expansion
• Trachea - which way
• Percussion
• Breath sounds
• Type of crackles

Answer 5

Reduced expansion

Tracheal deviation - towards - (upper lobe disease)

Dull percussion

Increased BS

Fine late inspiratory crackles

Question 6

How are the following affected for lung cancer?:

• What do the signs mimic - 2
• Trachea - which way

Answer 6

Features of effusion or collapse

Tracheal deviation - away

Question 7

How are the following affected for asthma and COPD?:

• BS
• Wheeze

Answer 7

Reduced BS

Wheeze