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deanne's - NEURO (neuroscience) > EXAM_neuro - quiz 2 (w8) > Flashcards

EXAM_neuro - quiz 2 (w8) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the vestibular sense is correct?

The ventro-posterior nucleus of the thalamus relays …

A

The ventro-posterior nucleus of the thalamus relays

…vestibular information to the cortex

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2
Q

After mapping the visual field a patient presents with the above pattern of “scotomas” (X/) (/X). Which of the following is the likely cause?

*scotoma:
a partial loss of vision or blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field.

A

A lesion to the

- optic chiasm

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3
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the sense of smell is NOT correct?

***it is NOT correct that… Olfactory receptor cells send axons through…

A

…holes in the skull directly to the olfactory cortex
*(because the axons first go to the olfactory bulb then to the cortex)

*Rather than odorant information going to the cortex via the thalamus it goes directly to the olfactory cortex and there the information is sent to the thalamus (as well as several other places)- which is the reverse of what happens in other sensory systems!!

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4
Q

Which of the following statements concerning ganglion cell axons arising from the right temporal hemiretina is correct?

They carry information from the..

A

They carry information from the

….left visual field and project to the right side of the brain

*Correct.The temporal (or lateral)hemiretinaereceive light from
- thecontralateralvisual field
and they project to the
- ipsitralateralside of the brain (i.e. axonsdon’tcross over at thechiasm).

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5
Q

Select the CORRECT statement concerning different forms of epilepsy

With tonic-clonic seizures neurons…

A

With tonic-clonic seizures neurons

…in both hemispheres FIRE in an

  • abnormal and
  • excessive manner
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6
Q

What is the most common cause of epilepsy?

A

For most epilepsies the cause is unknown

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7
Q

Nociceptive information is transmitted to the brain through which ascending pathway

A

Anterolateral column

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8
Q

Patients suffering from Osteoarthritis (a painful clinical condition characterized by cyclical inflammation of the joint) only start to feel pain when the condition is severe. This is due to (choose the most correct statement):

Articular cartilage …

A

Articular cartilage

  • doesn’t contain nociceptors and they are
  • only activated when the cartilage is worn away
  • now making contact with the bones.
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9
Q

“Peripheral sensitization” makes the nociceptive system sensitive to subsequent stimulation. The mechanisms through which this occurs is?

Raising the …
and
Membranes stay open…

A

Both A and B are correct

a- Raising the membrane potential to bring it closer to depolarization

b- Membranes stay open longer each time they are opened.

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10
Q

Cells of the dorsal root ganglion are:

A

Pseudounipolar

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11
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the “parvocellular neurons” of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is INCORRECT?

***it is NOT correct that… they are important in relaying information to the..

A

…dorsal visual pathway.

*not true because- they relay to the VENTRAL visual pathway “ventral stream”

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12
Q

Regarding the ability of humans to “localise sound in space”, which of the following is correct?

It involves the..

A

It involves the …

  • anteroventral cochlear nucleus and the
  • medial nucleus (of the trapezoid body)
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13
Q

Which of the following statements regarding deafness is correct?

Sensorineural deafness can be diagnosed with …

A

Sensorineural deafness can be diagnosed with

…Weber’s test

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14
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the sense of taste is correct?

Loss of taste can lead to..

A

Loss of taste can lead to

…loss of weight

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15
Q

After mapping the visual field a patient presents with the above pattern of scotomas. ( /) ( /) = “pie in the sky”

Which of the following is the likely cause?

A lesion to the..

A

A lesion to the

…optic radiation in the (left temporal lobe)

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16
Q

The frequency and duration of “nociceptor membrane depolarization” are dictated by..

A
  • Duration and

- intensity of the (noxious stimulus)

17
Q

Descending “pain modulation” is an activity which is primarily carried out in which area of nervous system

A

Substantia Gelatinosa – Dorsal horn

18
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the vestibular sense is correct?

The “ventro-posterior nucleus” of the (thalamus) relays..

A

The ventro-posterior nucleus of the thalamus relays

…vestibular information to the (cortex)

19
Q

Which of the following is true of the auditory pathways?

The “superior olivary nucleus” receives input from..

A

The superior olivary nucleus receives input from..

  • both ears and uses it to
  • localize sound

*Correct.Bilateral connects are needed in order to acheive this.

20
Q

Which is NOT a long-term brain change observed with “epileptogenesis”?

*Epileptogenesis:
is the
- gradual process by which a
- normal brain develops epilepsy.

A

Neuronal hypoactivity (under activity)

21
Q

“Wind-up” is a phenomenon that coincides with
“central” and “peripheral sensitization”. Choose the statement that best describes this phenomenon.

Reverberatory activity evoked by afferent C-fibres in interneurones of the spinal cord..

A

Reverberatory activity evoked by
afferent C-fibres in interneurones of the spinal cord

…sums up with

  • ongoing activity&raquo_space; to produce a
  • more intense discharge
22
Q

Which of the following areas does not receive input from the “primary olfactory cortex”?

A

The superior temporal gyrus

23
Q

Which of the following would you expect to see in a patient with “Akinetopsia”?

A

Seeing the world in snapshots

*Correct.Akinetopsiais an inability to detect movement that can stem from a lesion to the dorsal visual stream within the parietal cortex.

24
Q

Humans have about _ different odorant receptor types

A

300

25
Q

Humans can distinguish _ of different odours

A

millions

26
Q

The primary olfactory cortex projects to the …

A

thalamus

27
Q

Olfactory receptor cells send axons through holes in the skull to terminate …

A

directlyin the

- olfactory bulb

28
Q

Which of the following statements is correct about the midbrain?

“Substantianigra”is foundadjacentto..

A

“Substantianigra”is foundadjacentto

…the cerebral peduncles

29
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the brain stem is correct?

The “vagus nerve” sends (sensory fibres) to..

A

The vagus nerve sends sensory fibres to

…a trigeminal nucleus

30
Q

Which of the following nuclei is NOT a target of the “corticobulbartract”?

A

-Spinal trigeminal nucleus …is NOT a target of the corticobulbartract

  • targets of corticobulbar tract= (x7)
  • cn 3 (oculomotor)
  • cn 4 (trochlea)
  • cn 5 (trigeminal)
  • cn 6 (abducens)
  • cn 7 (facial motor)
  • cn 9 and 10 (ambiguus)
  • cn 12 (hypoglossal)
31
Q

Which of the following statements regarding deafness is correct?

“Sensorineural” deafness can be caused by…

A

Sensorineural deafness can be caused by

…physical trauma to the (inner ear)

*Correct.Any damage to the inner ear has the potential to cause sensorineuraldeafness.

32
Q

Hair cells release neurotransmitters onto the..

A

“afferent nerve endings” of (spiral ganglion cells.)

33
Q

Meniere’sdisease involves..

A

overactivity in the vestibular nerves leading to vertigo

34
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the brain stem is correct?

The vagus nerve sends sensory fibres to..

A

The vagus nerve sends sensory fibres to

…a trigeminal nucleus (to the spinal trigeminal)

35
Q

The trigeminal nerve contains _ _ _ fibres

A

special visceral motor

36
Q

the Lemniscus tract is formed by

A

second order neurons

37
Q

Which of the following statements in relation to the brainstem is correct?

Corticobulbar fibres terminate in the …

A

Corticobulbar fibres terminate in the

…brainstem motor nuclei.

38
Q

Whch of the following statements about the medulla is correct?

The “closed medulla” is located more..

A

The closed medulla is

…more caudal

deanne's - NEURO (neuroscience) (16 decks)

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