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deanne's - NEURO (neuroscience) > EXAM_neuro - quiz 1 (w5) > Flashcards

EXAM_neuro - quiz 1 (w5) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the
-spinal cord
is correct?

the anterior horn contain….

A

the anterior horn contain motor neurons

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2
Q

which of the following concerning the
-spinal lemniscus
is correct?

the spinal lemniscus carries…

A

it carries maily pain and temperature information

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3
Q

which of the following is correct regarding the
-dorsal column medial lemniscus system?

the gracile component carries…

A

the gracile component carries info from the lower limb

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4
Q

which of the following statements in relation to
-motor contol
is correct?

corticobulbar fibres innervate…

A

the corticobulbar fibres innervate the motor cranial nerve nuclei

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5
Q

the ‘spinal’ lemniscus carries which modality?

the ‘medial’ lemniscus carries which modality?

A 
spinal lemniscus (anterolateral/ spinothalamic)
-pain & temp

medial lemniscus

  • touch
  • press
  • proprioception
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6
Q

dorsal column medial lemniscus

info from the arm is most _
info from the leg is most _?

A 
arm = lateral (cuneate)
leg = medial (gracillis)
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7
Q

which of the following is correct regarding the anterolateral system?

it has components that terminate in …

A

it has components that terminate in

-reticular formation (alertness & sleep)

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8
Q

which of the following statements concerning the
spinal cord is correct?

_ has the most white matter

A

Level C1

has most white matter

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9
Q

which of the following is NOT true of the neural plasticity in the human brain

A

it is NOT true that neural plasticity involves
-changes in the type of function carried out by a region of cortex
(for instance. sensory cortex can become motor)

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10
Q

what IS TRUE about neural plasticity? *4

A
  1. strength//
    it can involve changes in the STRENGTH of SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS
  2. number//
    it can involve changes in the NUMBER of SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS w/in brain
  3. shape & how many & where//
    it can involve drastic changes in the SHAPE of neurons
    incl. HOW MANY dendrites they have and WHERE their axons project to
  4. shape and areas of cortex//
    it can involve changes in the shape and areas of the cortex that are invol. in carrying out a partic. task.

correct ***
people recover from brain injury (partic children) the brain can change and intact areas can take over the function of damaged areas.

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11
Q

which of the following is NOT true of nerual plasticity in the human brain?

adult vs child…

A

it is NOT true that the
- adult brain is JUST AS PLASTIC as the brain of a child

***this is not true since the brain of a child is definitely more plast than an adult
this can be seen in the to learn languages for instance
or ability to recover from brain injury
this doesn’t mean adult brains are not plastic
or that its not possible to incr. the plasticity of the adult brain

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12
Q

what IS TRUE about nerual plasticity in human brain?

plasticity can involve the fomation of ..

A

plasticity can invol. the formation of new neruons in the adult brain

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13
Q

which of the following arteries DOES NOT form part of the circle of willis?

A

posterior cerebral artery

***the post. cerebral art leaves the internal carotid
carries bld towards the brain tiss

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14
Q 
which of the following best describes 
function of CSF? *4
A
  1. boyancy
  2. protection
  3. reg chemical concentraion (neuro transmitter in csf filtered out= lowers concentration)
  4. metabolic waste removal
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15
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding
midbrain or cephalic flexure?

the cephalic flexure causes the caudal end of the nervous system to …

A

the cephalic flexure

causes the caudal end of the nervous system to
- be inferior to
the rostral end

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16
Q

which of the following is generally NOT easily visable in a midsaggital view
of brain?

A

the central sulcus

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17
Q

which of the following IS visable in midsagital view of brain? *4

A
  1. calcarine sulcus
  2. parieto-occiptital sulcus
  3. cingulate sulcus
  4. hypothalamus
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18
Q

which of the following structures are part of the

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)?

A
  1. cerebellum
  2. medulla
  3. pons

***all structures develop from the third primary vesicle of bulge in the
nerual tube
that forms the hindbrain or Rhombencephalon

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19
Q

what is the last region of the brain to develop

A

frontal cortex
** prefrontal cortex invol in decision making and critical thinking
thes faculties that are certainly only maturing in older teenagers and people in 20’s (and beyond)

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20
Q

regions of the brain, development stages order? *4

A

The brain develops in a specific sequence, from the most basic parts to the most complex ones.

  1. brain stem
  2. cerebellum
  3. limbic system
  4. cerebral cortex.
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21
Q

which of the following region or attributes of the human brain have
develped more or less fully by 11 years of age?

A

the amygdala

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22
Q

which of the following statements regarding
basal ganglia
is INCORRECT?

it is incorrect that the basal ganglia recieves substantial input from…

A

it is incorrect that
the basal ganglia receive substantial input from the spinal cord

bec***
what IS correct reg. basal ganglia
1. basal ganglia recieve input from the cortex ipsilaterally
2. basal ganglia don’t have extensive connection w brainstem nuclei
3. basal ganglia receive direct input from the cerebral cortex
4. basal ganglia project baack to the cerebral cortex via thalamic nuclei

The substantia nigra is the source of the striatal input of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which plays an important role in basal ganglia function. The subthalamic nucleus receives input mainly from the striatum and cerebral cortex, and projects to the globus pallidus.

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23
Q
  1. basal ganglia recieve input from the cortex ipsilaterally

T/F?

A

true

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24
Q
  1. basal ganglia don’t have extensive connection w brainstem nuclei
    t/f?
A

true

25
Q
  1. basal ganglia receive direct input from the cerebral cortex
    t/f?
A

true

26
Q
  1. basal ganglia project baack to the cerebral cortex via thalamic nuclei
    t/f?
A

true

27
Q

which of the following statements regarding the
-cerebellum
is correct?

the cerebellum recieves substantial input from…

A

the cerebellum receives substantial input from the spinal cord

***The pontine nuclei project exclusively through the middle cerebellar peduncles to the cerebellum, where these axons terminate as mossy fibers. It is the largest input to the cerebellum and almost exclusive input to the neocerebellum (which comprises most of the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum).

28
Q

which of the following statements about the cranial nerve nucei is correct?

occulomotor nucleus sits …

A

occulomotor nucleus sits in the periaqueductal gray

The oculomotor nerve originates from the third nerve nucleus at the level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain. The third nerve nucleus is located ventral to the cerebral aqueduct, on the pre-aqueductal grey matter

29
Q

A patient who displays a loss of
somatosensation from
entire right side of their body *expt the Head

is like to have a lesion where?

A

lesion in the

  • medial medulla (dorsal colum med lem? maybe)
  • on the contralateral side
30
Q

whic of the following is NOT a characteristic of
huntington’s disease?

recessive or dominant disorder?

A

huntingtons is NOT an autosomal recessive disorder

Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant disorder, which means that a person needs only one copy of the defective gene to develop the disorder. With the exception of genes on the sex chromosomes, a person inherits two copies of every gene — one copy from each parent.

31
Q

which of the following statements about the
premotor cortex
is correct?

the premotor cortex selects…

A

the premotor cortex
selects
-motor programs
-based on visual stimuli

32
Q

which of the following statements in relation to the trigeminal nuclei
is correct ?

the mesencephalic trigeminal nucl. contains…

A

the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
contains
- 1st order sensory neurons

The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla, and into the high cervical spinal cord.

The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans):

  1. The mesencephalic nucleus
  2. The chief sensory nucleus (or “pontine nucleus” or “main sensory nucleus” or “primary nucleus” or “principal nucleus”)
  3. The spinal trigeminal nucleus (spinal 5)
The spinal trigeminal nucleus is further subdivided into three parts, from rostral to caudal:
Pars Oralis (from the Pons to the Hypoglossal nucleus)
Pars Interpolaris (from the Hypoglossal nucleus to the obex)
Pars Caudalis (from the obex to C2)
There is also a distinct trigeminal motor nucleus that is medial to the chief sensory nucleus.
33
Q

the 3 parts of the trigeminal nuclei in brainstem

from rostral to caudal?

A
  1. The mesencephalic nucleus
  2. The chief sensory nucleus (or “pontine nucleus” or “main sensory nucleus” or “primary nucleus” or “principal nucleus”)
  3. The spinal trigeminal nucleus (spinal 5)
34
Q

which of the following features are generally
NOT easily visible
in a midsaggital view of the brain?

A

the central sulcus

35
Q

which of the following statements in relation to
pressure information
from the spinal cord
is correct?

fibres from the cervical region synapes in…

A

Fibres from the cervical region
synapse in the
cuneate nucleus

36
Q

which of the following is correct regarding the
dorsal column medial lemniscus system?

gracile component carries information from …

A

the gracile component carries information from

- the lower leg

37
Q

which of the following statements concerning the
medial lemniscus
is correct?

the medial lemniscus carries _ information

A

the medial lemniscus carries

- proprioceptive information

38
Q

Which of the following nuclei is

NOT a target of the corticobulbar tract?

A 
- spinal trigeminal nuclei
is NOT a target of corticobulbar tract
***
The spinal trigeminal nucleus is a nucleus in the medulla that receives information about 
- deep/crude touch, 
- pain
- temperature

from the
- ipsilateral face.

39
Q

which of the following statements concerning the brainstem
is correct?

the medial longitudinal fasciculus originates in…

A

(not sure about this one)
the medial longitudinal fasciculus
originates in the midbrain

40
Q 
def
medial longitudinal fasciculus
one of..
each side...
situated near...
made up of...
arise from..
terminate in..
A

The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is

  • one of a pair of crossed over tracts,
  • on each side of the brainstem.

These bundles of axons are

  • situated near the midline of the brainstem
  • made up of both ascending and descending fibers
  • that arise from a number of sources
  • terminate in different areas.
41
Q

which of the following statements in relation to the
brainstem
is correct?

the medial longitudinal fasciculus co-ordinates…

A

the medial longitudinal fasciculus co-ordinates

head and eye movement

42
Q

which of the following statements concerning
brain stem anatomy is correct?

the pons is defined by …

A

the pons is defined by the middle cerebellar peduncle

43
Q

which of the following is part of the epithalamus

A
  • the habenular nucleus (is part of the epithalamus)

The habenular nuclei comprise a small group of nuclei that are part of the epithalamus of the diencephalon, and is located just above the thalamus

44
Q

which of the following is
NOT a major function of the
reticular fomation?

A
  • Memory

is NOT a major function of the reticular formation

45
Q

which nuclei make up the

basal ganglia? *4

A
  1. striatum
  2. substantia nigra
  3. subthalamic nuclei
  4. globus pallidus
46
Q

dys/diadocho/kinesia

refers to a condition where:

A

there is an inability to preform rapid alternating movements
***
caused by cerebellar dysfunction

47
Q

trigeminal main sensory nucleus/ principal sensory (of trigeminal nucleus)
funct?

group of..
cell bodies in the ..
recieves info about.. *3
via…

A

The principal sensory nucleus (or chief sensory nucleus of V) is a

  • group of second order neurons
  • cell bodies in the caudal pons

receives information about

  • discriminative sensation
  • light touch of the face
  • conscious proprioception of the jaw

via
- first order neurons of CN V.

48
Q 
mesencephalic nucleus (of trigeminal nucleus)
funct?

the mesencephalic nucleus is involved with …
that functions to…

A

The mesencephalic nucleus is involved with
- reflex proprioception
of the
- periodontium
- muscles of mastication in the jaw
that functions to
- prevent biting down hard enough to lose a tooth.

49
Q

proprioceptive information from the face is conveyed by the:

A

-chief sensory nucleus

aka
-trigeminal main sensory nucleus
- priciple sensory nucl 
- main sensory nucleus
(of trigeminal nucleus)
***
The main sensory trigeminal pathway 
carries and processes 
- discriminative touch 
- proprioceptive information from the face (Figure 4.7).

Consequently, it is the cranial homologue of the medial lemniscal pathway.

50
Q

which of the following statements about hemiballismus is correct?

hemiballismus involves projections from the.. to the…

A

hemiballismus involves STN –> GPi + SNr

projections from the
- subthalamic nucleus 
to the 
- globus pallidus internus
- and substantia nigra pars reticulata
51
Q

location of structure

- cinulate gyrus is above..

A

the corpus callosum

52
Q

spinal lemniscus in brainstem (upper part of anterolateral) carries info for…

A

-pain and temp

53
Q

brainstem

lateral lemniscus starts in

A
  • closed medulla
54
Q

reticular formation

is innervated in the _ reflex

A
  • antigravity reflex

***reflexes that keep the antigravity muscles in extension to hold the body upright.

55
Q

spinocerebellum involves the..

A

vermis
and
paravermis

56
Q

leisons of the
cerebellum
result in disturbance of ?*4

A
  1. posture
  2. gait
  3. mus tone
  4. motor co-ordination
57
Q

clinical

poor hand/eye co-ordinations
is an indication of damage to..

A

cerebro/cerebellum

58
Q

what are
- meissner corpuscles (mechanoreceptors)

location in skin
function
peak sensitivity

A

meissner corpuscles

are located = in dermal papilla (dermis)
function = sense motion and grip
peak sensitivity of = 50 hz

deanne's - NEURO (neuroscience) (16 decks)

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