Exam5 Ch23 Disorders of Ventilation & Gas Exchange

Question 1

• deep and rapid respiration resulting in blood pH becoming more alkaline
• increased respiratory rate w/out increased metabolism

Answer 1

Hyperventilation

Question 2

not enough air getting into alveoli resulting in blood pH becoming more acidic

Answer 2

Hypoventilation

Question 3

• increase in CO2 content of arterial blood
• decrease in pH (respiratory acidosis)
• vasodilation
• depression of CNS fxn

Answer 3

Hypercapnia

Question 4

• decrease in CO2 content of arterial blood

- increase in pH (respiratory alkalosis)

Answer 4

Hypocapnia

Question 5

increased respiratory rate/volume in response to increased metabolism

Answer 5

Hyperpnea

Question 6

• rapid breathing

- increase respiratory rate w/decreased depth

Answer 6

Tachypnea

Question 7

difficulty breathing

Answer 7

Dyspnea

Question 8

difficulty breathing in the horizontal position

Answer 8

Orthopnea

Question 9

cessation of breathing

Answer 9

Apnea

Question 10

bluish tinged skin

Answer 10

Cyanosis

Question 11

selective bulbous enlargement of distal segment of a digit, often due to diseases that interfere w/oxygenation

Answer 11

Clubbing

Question 12

lower than normal levels of oxygen

Answer 12

Hypoxia

Question 13

lower than normal oxygen concentration (PO2) in arterial blood, decrease of oxygen to tissues

Answer 13

Hypoxemia

Question 14

no breathing

Answer 14

Suffocation

Question 15

• excess water in lung

- common cause is heart disease

Answer 15

Pulmonary Edema

Question 16

• air in the pleural space causes partial or complete collapse of lung

Answer 16

Pneumothorax

Question 17

collapse of lung w/out obvious cause or injury

Answer 17

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Question 18

collapse of lung due to direct injury to chest or major airways

Answer 18

Traumatic Pneumothorax

Question 19

• injury to chest or respiratory structures allow air to enter but not leave the pleural space
• life threatening

Answer 19

Tension Pneumothorax

Question 20

collapse or incomplete expansion of lung tissue

Answer 20

Atelectasis

Question 21

external pressure from a tumor, fluid, or air in the pleural space causes alveoli to collapse

Answer 21

Compression Atelectasis

Question 22

removal of air from obstructed or hypoventilated alveoli or from inhalation of concentrated oxygen or anaesthetic agents

Answer 22

Absorption Atelectasis

Question 23

• chronic inflammatory disease characterized by wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, cough that is worse @ night & early morning
• associated w/histaminic rxns perpetuated by the ANS

Answer 23

Asthma

Question 24

group of respiratory disorders characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways

• includes:
• emphysema
• chronic bronchitis
• bronchiectasis
• hoover’s sign
• cor pulmonale

Answer 24

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Question 25

loss of surface area for gas exchange

Answer 25

Emphysema

Question 26

long term inflammation along w/hypersecretion of mucus

Answer 26

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 27

• permanent dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles causing destruction of the muscle and elastic supporting tissues
• widening, flabby, and scarring due to damage

Answer 27

Bronchiectasis

Question 28

inward movement of lower rib cage during inspiration

Answer 28

Hoover’s Sign

Question 29

alteration in the structure and fxn of the right ventricle caused by a primary disorder of the respiratory system

Answer 29

Cor Pulmonale

Question 30

pus in alveoli leading to consolidation of exudates, micro abscesses, productive cough

Answer 30

Pneumonia

Question 31

• caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia or Chlamydia pneumonia

- no pus, no consolidation, no productive cough, no high fever

Answer 31

Atypical/Interstitial Pneumonia

Question 32

• form of lung cancer from asbestos

- iron coated fibers get inhaled and cause pulmonary lesions associated w/fibrous plaque of the pleura

Answer 32

Mesothelioma

Question 33

• inherited autosomal recessive trait disorder
• fluid secretion by the exocrine glands in the epithelial lining of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts

Answer 33

Cystic Fibrosis