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BIOL 227 Pathophysiology Spring 2017 > Exam5 Ch 18 Disorders of Blood Flow & Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Exam5 Ch 18 Disorders of Blood Flow & Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

auditory examination of the heart

A

Auscultation

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2
Q
  • turbulent blood flow @ high BP associated w/irregularities, constriction, or dilation of any structure blood flows thru
  • most common cause is Rheumatic Fever
A

Murmurs

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3
Q

friction w/in pericardium caused by disruption of pericardial fluid

A

Rub

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4
Q
  • chest pain during exertion, goes away after 5-10 mins of rest
  • caused by Ischemia (loss of blood flow to tissues)
A

Angina

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5
Q

irregular rhythm based on RATE

  • Wandering Pacemaker
  • Nodal Premature
  • Tachycardia
  • Bradycardia
A

Arrhythmia

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6
Q

SA node does not cue rest of the heart the way it should

A

Wandering Pacemaker

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7
Q

premature beats generated by AV node

A

Nodal Premature

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8
Q

fast heartbeat more than 100/min

A

Tachycardia

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9
Q

slow heartbeat less than 60/min

A

Bradycardia

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10
Q

irregular rhythm based on FUNCTION

  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Ventricular Fibrillation
  • Myocardial Infarction/Ischemia
A

Dysrhythmia

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11
Q

flutter, no discernible P wave

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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12
Q
  • total erratic electrical activity
  • ventricle quivers but does not contract, no cardiac output
  • fatal unless treated w/immediate defibrillation
A

Ventricular Fibrillation

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13
Q

chest pain/angina

A

Myocardial Infarction/Ischemia

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14
Q
  • block norepinephrine & epinephrine from bind to beta receptors on nerves to reduce BP
  • non-selective
A

Beta Blockers

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15
Q

decrease contractility, decrease heart rate, decrease conduction velocity

A

Calcium Antagonists

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16
Q

prevents renin from being released which prevents angiotension II from being produced and acting on heart to make it beat faster

A

ACE Inhibitors

17
Q
  • belongs to group of medicine called Nitrates
  • helps prevents angina attacks, but only treats symptoms
  • immediately causes vasodilation
A

Nitroglycerin

18
Q
  • P-R segment greater in duration than 0.2 seconds
  • Bradycardia
  • caused by fxnl suppression of AV conduction
A

1 Degree/Mobitz 1

19
Q
  • larger & larger duration btwn P-R segment until no QRS response
  • caused by structural damage to conducting system
A

2 Degree/Mobitz 2

20
Q
  • independent atrial & ventricular rates

- end point of either Mobitz I or Mobitz II AV block

A

3 Degree/Complete AV block

21
Q
  • form of ateriosclerosis

- soft deposits of intra-arterial fat & fibrin that harden over time

A

Atherosclerosis

22
Q
  • abnormal localized dilation of a blood vessel

- cyanosis, clammy sweat, altered heart rate

A

Aneurysm

23
Q

aneurysm bound by a complete vessel wall, blood remains w/in vascular compartment

A

True Aneurysm

24
Q
  • localized tear in inner wall of artery w/formation of an extravascular hematoma that causes vessel enlargement
  • usually caused by trauma
A

False/Pseudo Aneurysm

25
Q
  • aneurysm covers the ventricle
  • does not rupture b/c lined w/scar tissue
  • blood collecting aneurysm makes chest bulge out
A

Ventricular Aneurysm

26
Q
  • genetic predisposition
  • family history, advanced age, gender, African American, high sodium intake, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, low potassium/calcium/magnesium
A

Primary (Essential) Hypertension

27
Q
  • result of another disease

- renal disorders, endocrine disorders, atherosclerosis, pregnancy, acute stress

A

Secondary Hypertension

28
Q

abnormal decrease in systolic & diastolic BPs that happen when standing or sitting up

A

Orthostatic Hypotension (Baroceptor reflex, postural hypotension, orthostasis)

29
Q

dilated or tortuous veins of lower extremities associated w/blood pooling

A

Varicose Veins

30
Q

induced by trauma or pressure that lowers oxygen supply leading to necrotic tissue development

A

Venous Stasis Ulcers

31
Q

on back of the hand b/c of vessel instability and subcutaneous tissue thinning

A

Senile Purpura

32
Q
  • stationary blood clot

- tends to develop wherever intravascular conditions promote activation of the coagulation cascade

A

Thrombus

33
Q
  • mobile clot
  • obstruction of a vessel that circulates in the bloodstream
  • more dangerous than a thrombus
A

Embolism

34
Q

Could be:

  • dislodged thrombus
  • air bubble
  • fat aggregate
  • bacteria (reason why older patients are put on antibiotic when teeth being cleaned)
  • cancer cells
A

Embolism

35
Q
  • diminished cardiac output
  • decrease in peripheral blood flow
  • progressive accumulation of blood w/in the pulmonary circulation
  • a lot of pulmonary congestion
  • pulmonary edema at night
  • caused by hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, valve defects
A

Left Side Failure/Congestive Heart Failure

36
Q
  • engorgement of systemic & hepatic venous systems
  • very little pulmonary congestion
  • imparis ability to move blood from systemic venous circulation into the pulmonary circulation
  • caused by left-sided heart failure increasing burden on right side of heart
A

Right Side Failure/Cor Pulmonale

37
Q
  • most common cause of death in young athletes

- conduction defect in an asymmetrical hypertrophied septum

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

38
Q
  • cardiovascular system cannot perfuse tissues enough resulting in widespread impairment of cellular metabolism
A

Shock

39
Q

right heart failure due to primary lung disease or pulmonary hypertension

A

Cor Pulmonale

BIOL 227 Pathophysiology Spring 2017 (8 decks)

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