Exam5 Ch 17 Cardiovascular Fxn

Question 1

• moves blood through lungs
• smaller than systemic circulation
• lower pressure
• R side of heart, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary veins

Answer 1

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 2

• moves blood throughout all other tissues of body
• higher pressure
• L side of heart, aorta & its branches, capillaries that supply brain & peripheral tissues, systemic venous system & vena cava

Answer 2

Systemic Circulation

Question 3

Principles that govern blood flow in the circulatory system

Answer 3

Hemodynamics

Question 4

Elastic walls, fxn as distribution system, highest pressure but much less volume of blood

Answer 4

Arteries & Arterioles

Question 5

• small size, large surface area, thin walled, link arterial & venous sides of the circulation
• exchange system where transfer of gas, nutrients and wastes take place
• has smallest amount of blood

Answer 5

Capillaries

Question 6

• thin-walled, distensible, reservoir to cllect blood from capillaries and return it to the right heart
• low pressure but largest amount of blood
• valves that require body movement in order to move blood back up thru body

Answer 6

Veins & Venules

Question 7

Thin outer layer that lines the pericardial cavity

Answer 7

Epicardium

Question 8

Middle muscular layer consisting of the heart muscle

Answer 8

Myocardium

Question 9

Inner thin, smooth, interior lining of the chambers and valves of the heart

Answer 9

Endocardium

Question 10

Sac that encloses the heart

Answer 10

Pericardium

Question 11

Inner layer of the sac

Answer 11

Serous pericardium

Question 12

Layer laying on top of the epicardium

Answer 12

Visceral Pericardium

Question 13

Outermost layer of the sac which is highly resistant to distention

Answer 13

Fibrous Pericardium

Question 14

Separtes right atrium from right ventricle

Answer 14

Tricuspid Valve

Question 15

Separates left atrium from left ventricle

Answer 15

Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

Question 16

Semilunar valve separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk

Answer 16

Pulmonary Valve

Question 17

Semilunar valve that separates the left ventricle from the aortic arch

Answer 17

Aortic valve

Question 18

When ventricles are contracting. Top number on BP reading

Answer 18

Systole

Question 19

When ventricles are relaxed and filling. Bottom number on BP reading - most important number

Answer 19

Diastole

Question 20

The work or load imposed on the heart before the contraction begins

Answer 20

Preload

Question 21

Work presented to the heart after the contraction has started

Answer 21

Afterload

Question 22

• Pacemaker of the heart
• where rhythmic impulse is generated
• fastest rate of firing

Answer 22

SA (Sinoatrial) Node

Question 23

Conduct impulse from SA node to AV node

Answer 23

Internodal Pathways

Question 24

• located in the inferior portion of the interatrial septum

- conduction very slow here

Answer 24

AV (Atrioventricular) Node

Question 25

- at the junction of the atria and ventricles - conducts impulse from atria to ventricles - further delay happens here so atria can complete their ejection of blood before ventricular contraction begins

Answer 25

AV (Atrioventricular) Bundle/Bundle of His

Question 26

- penetrate the myocardium of the ventricles - left & right bundles that conduct the impulses to all parts of the ventricles - rate of conduction speeds up a lot here - rapid rate necessary for swift and efficient ejection of blood from the heart

Answer 26

Purkinje Fibers

Question 27

What is key electrolyte for the cardiac cycle?

Answer 27

Calcium

Question 28

Keeps intercalated discs from tearing

Answer 28

Desmosomes

Question 29

Allows for free and open communication

Answer 29

Gap Junctions

Question 30

Atrial depolarization followed by atrial contraction

Answer 30

P wave

Question 31

Ventricular depolarization followed by ventricular relaxation

Answer 31

QRS Complex

Question 32

Ventricular repolarization followed by ventricular relaxation

Answer 32

T wave

Question 33

2 Types of Cardiac Action potentials

Answer 33

1) Slow Response | 2) Fast Response

Question 34

Cardiac action potential started by slow calcium channels

Answer 34

Slow Response

Question 35

opening of the fast sodium channels. Do not normally start cardiac action potentials

Answer 35

Fast Response

Question 36

Measures the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle

Answer 36

Electrocardiogram

Question 37

Increase in local blood flow

Answer 37

Hyperemia

Question 38

Increased blood flow with increased activity like exercise

Answer 38

Functional Hyperemia

Question 39

Blood supply to an area has been blocked and then restored, blood flow increases to restore metabolic equilibriu of the tissues - temporary redness of skin

Answer 39

Reactive Hyperemia

Question 40

Powerful vasoconstrictor hormone

Answer 40

Norepinephrine

Question 41

Less powerful vasoconstrictor, can even cause vasodilation in some tissues

Answer 41

Epinephrine

Question 42

Powerful vasoconstrictor produced as part of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer 42

Angiotensin II

Question 43

Powerful vasodilatoer, can increase capillary permeability allowing leakage of fluid and plasma proteins into tissues

Answer 43

Histamine