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BIOL 227 Pathophysiology Spring 2017 > Exam5 Ch 17 Cardiovascular Fxn > Flashcards

Exam5 Ch 17 Cardiovascular Fxn Flashcards

1
Q
  • moves blood through lungs
  • smaller than systemic circulation
  • lower pressure
  • R side of heart, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary veins
A

Pulmonary Circulation

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2
Q
  • moves blood throughout all other tissues of body
  • higher pressure
  • L side of heart, aorta & its branches, capillaries that supply brain & peripheral tissues, systemic venous system & vena cava
A

Systemic Circulation

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3
Q

Principles that govern blood flow in the circulatory system

A

Hemodynamics

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4
Q

Elastic walls, fxn as distribution system, highest pressure but much less volume of blood

A

Arteries & Arterioles

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5
Q
  • small size, large surface area, thin walled, link arterial & venous sides of the circulation
  • exchange system where transfer of gas, nutrients and wastes take place
  • has smallest amount of blood
A

Capillaries

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6
Q
  • thin-walled, distensible, reservoir to cllect blood from capillaries and return it to the right heart
  • low pressure but largest amount of blood
  • valves that require body movement in order to move blood back up thru body
A

Veins & Venules

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7
Q

Thin outer layer that lines the pericardial cavity

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

Middle muscular layer consisting of the heart muscle

A

Myocardium

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9
Q

Inner thin, smooth, interior lining of the chambers and valves of the heart

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

Sac that encloses the heart

A

Pericardium

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11
Q

Inner layer of the sac

A

Serous pericardium

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12
Q

Layer laying on top of the epicardium

A

Visceral Pericardium

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13
Q

Outermost layer of the sac which is highly resistant to distention

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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14
Q

Separtes right atrium from right ventricle

A

Tricuspid Valve

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15
Q

Separates left atrium from left ventricle

A

Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

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16
Q

Semilunar valve separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary Valve

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17
Q

Semilunar valve that separates the left ventricle from the aortic arch

A

Aortic valve

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18
Q

When ventricles are contracting. Top number on BP reading

A

Systole

19
Q

When ventricles are relaxed and filling. Bottom number on BP reading - most important number

A

Diastole

20
Q

The work or load imposed on the heart before the contraction begins

A

Preload

21
Q

Work presented to the heart after the contraction has started

A

Afterload

22
Q
  • Pacemaker of the heart
  • where rhythmic impulse is generated
  • fastest rate of firing
A

SA (Sinoatrial) Node

23
Q

Conduct impulse from SA node to AV node

A

Internodal Pathways

24
Q
  • located in the inferior portion of the interatrial septum

- conduction very slow here

A

AV (Atrioventricular) Node

25
Q
  • at the junction of the atria and ventricles
  • conducts impulse from atria to ventricles
  • further delay happens here so atria can complete their ejection of blood before ventricular contraction begins
A

AV (Atrioventricular) Bundle/Bundle of His

26
Q
  • penetrate the myocardium of the ventricles
  • left & right bundles that conduct the impulses to all parts of the ventricles
  • rate of conduction speeds up a lot here
  • rapid rate necessary for swift and efficient ejection of blood from the heart
A

Purkinje Fibers

27
Q

What is key electrolyte for the cardiac cycle?

A

Calcium

28
Q

Keeps intercalated discs from tearing

A

Desmosomes

29
Q

Allows for free and open communication

A

Gap Junctions

30
Q

Atrial depolarization followed by atrial contraction

A

P wave

31
Q

Ventricular depolarization followed by ventricular relaxation

A

QRS Complex

32
Q

Ventricular repolarization followed by ventricular relaxation

A

T wave

33
Q

2 Types of Cardiac Action potentials

A

1) Slow Response

2) Fast Response

34
Q

Cardiac action potential started by slow calcium channels

A

Slow Response

35
Q

opening of the fast sodium channels. Do not normally start cardiac action potentials

A

Fast Response

36
Q

Measures the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle

A

Electrocardiogram

37
Q

Increase in local blood flow

A

Hyperemia

38
Q

Increased blood flow with increased activity like exercise

A

Functional Hyperemia

39
Q

Blood supply to an area has been blocked and then restored, blood flow increases to restore metabolic equilibriu of the tissues - temporary redness of skin

A

Reactive Hyperemia

40
Q

Powerful vasoconstrictor hormone

A

Norepinephrine

41
Q

Less powerful vasoconstrictor, can even cause vasodilation in some tissues

A

Epinephrine

42
Q

Powerful vasoconstrictor produced as part of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

Angiotensin II

43
Q

Powerful vasodilatoer, can increase capillary permeability allowing leakage of fluid and plasma proteins into tissues

A

Histamine

BIOL 227 Pathophysiology Spring 2017 (8 decks)

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