Exam1(L6) Flashcards
Integumentary – Function, Structures / Layers etc… (From lab and lecture you have
covered this in detail)
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, associated glands, hair, and nails. functions such as body temperature regulation, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, and detection of stimuli.
o Structure of epidermis (layers [stratum] and cells [keratinocytes, melanocytes and
tactile cells also epidermal dendritic cells]) and functions.
Stratum basale
this is the deepest layer. Has stem cells produce keratinocytes.
Stratum spinosum
many layers of cells that are connected by desmosomes.
Stratum granulosum
many layers of cells that contain lipid-rich granules.
Stratum lucidum
thick skin, like the palms and soles, and is made up of immortalized cells.
Stratum corneum
Also known as the keratin layer, this is the outermost layer of the epidermis and acts as a protective overcoat.
o What is the pattern of Keratinization of epidermal cells. Know where the transitions
from living to dead and stem cell to heavily keratinized cells (protein packets) occurs.
cells in the basal layer of the epidermis (deepest layer) begin producing keratin, gradually accumulating more as they move upwards through the different layers of the epidermis, eventually becoming fully keratinized and dead cells in the outermost stratum corneum layer
o Pigments produced in epidermis and function (e.g. Melanin, Hemoglobin, Carotene)
melanin, a pigment that gives skin its color and protects it from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation
o Terms when melanin is unevenly distributed? (e.g. freckles age spots moles etc….)
Vitiligo freckles age spots
o Review the epidermal structures (hairs, nails). What is it made of? What do they do?
Keratin helps form hair, nails and your skin’s outer layer, which protect you from the harsh environment
o Review the dermis function and structures.
assist in thermoregulation, and aid in sensation.
o What are the sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine) and sebaceous glands and their
function? Where are they found?
appendages of the integument
Apocrine glands
open into hair follicles
Eccrine glands
found on most of the body
sebaceous:
sebum, an oily substance that helps protect the skin and hair
o Why do we have more dermal papillae in palms of hand soles of feet?
high amount of friction and pressure
o Review the nerve receptors in the dermis and partly extending into epidermis (tactile
cells, free nerve endings, tactile corpuscles and lamellated corpuscles).
cutaneous receptor
o How does skin heal from burns and wounds?
Hemostasis
blood cells clump together and clot to stop bleeding and protect
Inflammation
Blood vessels open to allow oxygen and nutrients into the wound to help it heal.
Growth and rebuilding
o Know how aging and tanning affect the skin.
Premature aging
Skin cancer
Skin texture
Skin elasticity
Skin rash
o Know the skin disorders covered in lecture including cancer and where they arise (a.k.a.
first start). (i.e. basal and squamous cell carcinomas, melanoma)
o You do NOT need to memorize the ABCDEs of melanoma detection for the exam, but
look it over and be familiar with it and look yourself over using it as a guide. Stay safe
through early detection of skin cancer!!!
Skin exams, Biopsies, Gene expression testing, DermTech test
Basal cell carcinoma(common)
Squamous cell carcinoma(can spread)
Melanoma(deadly)
o Tatoos? Where does the ink go?
into the dermis
o What is cancer? How do we name it? (by the tissue it starts in).
cells divide abnormally and uncontrollably. named for the organs or tissues where the cancers form
