Exam 1 (2&3) Flashcards
second part
What is Cell Theory? What are its 3 principles?
cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made up of cells, and all cells come from other cells
What are the structures of cells? What are they called and what are their functions?
Cell membrane: controls what enters and exits.
Nucleus: Houses the cell’s DNA
Cytoplasm: chemical reactions occur.
Mitochondria: “powerhouse” energy
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): protein synthesis and transport.
Golgi apparatus: Modifies, packages, and transports proteins
Ribosomes: protein synthesis.
Lysosomes: enzymes that break down waste products.
Cytoskeleton: structural support and helps with cell movement.
Nucleolus: ribosomes are assembled.
L3 - Know the Membrane bound & non-membrane bound organelles and their function.
(e.g. ER, golgi, mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes, centrioles & general function of
cytoskeleton and cilia and flagella. What does DNA do???)
(DNA) is a molecule that contains genes for development, growth, reproduction, and functioning of all known organisms:
Cilia
move substances along the cell’s surface or help move the entire cell. Fallopian tubes move towards uterus
Flagella
propel the cell forward sperm
cytoskeleton: protein fibers that provides structure and support to the cell.
What is endosymbiosis?
two organisms living together with one inside the other
What is the endomembrane system and what does it include?
separates the cell into different compartments. derived from the ER and flows to the Golgi apparatus,
What are the relative size of cells (small to largest = virus, bacteria, Eukaryotes). Are all
three organisms in parentheses made of actual cells?
virus, bacteria, and then eukaryotes
yes all cells
What are the two main types of microscopes? What do you use in lab? Which can
magnify up to 10,000X-500,000X?
light microscopes and electron microscopes. Light microscope:
electron micro
What do human cells all have (3 structures)? What do those structures do?
Cell membrane:
move in and out
Nucleus:
“control center” cell’s DNA and directs various cellular activities.
Cytoplasm:
organelles are located and most chemical reactions happen.
Know what a plasma membrane is made up of (phospholipids and proteins and some
glycolipids) and what it does (JET RAT).
Phospholipids
made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate-linked head group.
Proteins
Proteins can be inserted into the lipid bilayer or associated with the membrane indirectly.
Glycolipids
Found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes, glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached.
How do things get across plasma membrane? What moves across easily. What needs
integral proteins?
Passive diffusion. a molecule
transport and cell signaling
Remember what passive transport and active transport are and how
they work. What is bulk transport. Why are concentration gradients important?
Moves molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, without using energy
Moves molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration, using energy
understanding how particles and ions move in random motion in a solution.
What is cellular respiration? (general idea – glucose converted to cellular energy = _ _ _)
all living organisms that converts chemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Life cycle of cell (IPMAT). Normal Cell activities & synthesis of DNA & organelles =
Interphase. Division of somatic cell = Mitosis (PMAT). Cytoplasm Division = Cytokinesis.
24-hour cycle, the G1 phase might last about 11 hours, the S phase about 8 hours, the G2 phase about 4 hours, and the M phase about 1 hour.
What happens with aging of the cell?
They become larger and are less able to divide and multiply.
