Articulations exam2

Question 1

Briefly describe a structural joint and their different categories (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial)

Answer 1

Fibrous joints
These joints are made of fibrous connective tissue and are usually immovable. Examples: skull
Cartilaginous joints
These joints are made of hyaline or fibrocartilage and are semi-mobile. Examples: manubrium-sternum joint in the breastbone
Synovial joints
These joints are freely movable and are the most common joints in the body. They have a synovial cavity that contains a lubricating fluid to reduce friction. Synovial joints can be further classified into hinge, condyloid, saddle, pivot, and ball-and-socket joints.

Question 2

▪ Briefly describe a functional joint (level of movement) and the different categories of functional
joints

Answer 2

Synarthroses
Immovable joints that provide structural support. Examples: sutures that connect the skull.
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joints that provide a balance of stability and some motion. Examples include the joints between the vertebrae.
Diarthroses
Freely movable most movement. Examples include the shoulder and hip joints.

Question 3

▪ What is the relationship between stability & mobility of functional joints? (Lect. slide).

Answer 3

Stability and mobility in functional joints have an inverse relationship, meaning that generally, the more stable a joint is, the less mobile it will be, and vice versa

Question 4

▪ Describe a synovial joint, including identifying and describing its components.

Answer 4

wide range of motion Articular cartilage:
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the ends of the bones that meet at the joint, providing a smooth, low-friction surface for articulation.
Joint capsule:
A fibrous connective tissue sac that encloses the joint cavity, consisting of an outer fibrous layer for stability and an inner synovial membrane.
Synovial membrane:
The inner lining of the joint capsule, responsible for producing synovial fluid.
Synovial fluid:
joint cavity lubricant, reducing friction during movement and providing nourishment to the articular cartilage.
Ligaments:

Question 5

▪ How do synovial joints differ from other joints (innervated, vascular membrane, synovial fluid,
menisci (only in knee) fat pads, and bursa)

Answer 5

Structure
Synovial joints are made up of a cavity in one bone that another bone fits into, with a synovial membrane lining the space between the bones. The joint is surrounded by a fibrous capsule and filled with synovial fluid.
Cartilage
Synovial joints have articular cartilage covering the ends of the bones
Classification
Synovial joints are often classified by the type of movement they allow, such as hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket,

Question 6

▪ Identify the different types of synovial joints & provide examples biaxial (condylar

Answer 6

Hinge joint uniaxial
flexion and extension. Examples include the elbow, knee, and ankle.
Ball and socket joint multiaxial
A type of synovial joint that allows for a complete range of rotation. The shoulder is an example of a ball and socket joint.
Saddle joint biaxial
A biaxial joint that occurs between two bones that are concave in one direction and convex in another. The first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of a saddle joint.
Pivot joint uniaxial
A uniaxial joint that allows for rotation. Examples include the pivot joint in the neck and the pivot joints between the radius and ulna.
Plane joint uniaxial
A synovial joint where two bones meet on a flat surface, allowing them to glide on one another.

Question 7

▪ Know knee joint specifically and injuries associated with it.

Answer 7

fractures around the knee, dislocation, and sprains and tears of soft tissues, like ligaments connects your thigh bone (femur) to your shin bone (tibia). knees also contain cartilage, like your meniscus, and ligaments, including your LCL, MCL, ACL and PCL.

Question 8

▪ Identify and describe the different types of joint movements (see lab objective pg17)

Question 9

▪ Describe hypermobility and hypermobility syndrome

Answer 9

Hypermobility can be caused by loose ligaments, which make joints more mobile but less stable. This can lead to an increased risk of joint dislocations, sprains, and strains.

Question 10

▪ Describe osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 10

Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, involves the wearing away of the cartilage that caps the bones in your joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which the immune system attacks the joints, beginning with the lining of joints